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Now the added sugar before, does anybody remember from the Eaton article how ancient humans added sugar to things?
在糖类出现以前,有谁还记得伊顿的一篇文章是谈论,祖先是如何在食品中添加糖类
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People need fat, and they need sugar, and they need variety--at least what their brain thinks.
人类需要脂肪和糖类,需要各种物质,至少大脑是这么认为的
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We talked about the strong biological drive in the last class for sugar, fat, and variety.
我们上次课探讨过对于追求,糖类,脂肪之类的强大生物驱动力
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Usually when people drink milk they're not thinking that they're consuming sugar but they are.
通常当人们喝牛奶时,人们不会认为他们摄取了糖类,但事实上是他们确实摄取了
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Sugar shows up in all sorts of interesting places where you wouldn't expect it necessarily.
糖类是无处不在的,而且超乎你的想象
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Are we eating too much or too little of these different classes of sugars?
那我们是过多还是过少地,摄入了这些不同类别的糖类呢
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There's sugar in a lot of foods where you don't expect it.
糖类存在于很多你意想不到的食物中
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Large amounts of sugar in peanut butter, large amounts of sugar will go into things like stews, and soups, and things like that where you wouldn't necessarily expect to find it.
花生酱的含糖量是非常高的,在炖菜和汤中也含有大量的糖类,这些是你们平时都没有注意过的
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Carbohydrate has really shifted, and so people are eating more calories from carbohydrate before, sugars primarily, and that is coming primarily from added sugar, or that's at least one of the primary contributors.
碳水化合物也有明显的变化,比前人更多的从碳水化合物中摄取热量,以糖类为主,也就是说主要是添加糖类的食物,至少这是主要的来源之一
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The calorie density has changed because food is processed, so the calories in the fat and the sugar that can get squeezed into things made possible by technological changes has shifted things a lot.
食品经过加工,热量密度发生了变化,添加到食品中的脂肪和糖类,其卡路里含量可通过技术手段进行调整,进而造成很大不同
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Let's start with carbohydrates. Sugars, in other words.
我们从碳水化合物,即糖类开始
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If you followed a diet where you ate less junk food and ate more fruits and vegetables, for example, just those two little rules you would help shift around this balance of sugars in a way that would benefit health.
如果你遵循一个饮食原则,比如,少吃垃圾食品多吃水果和蔬菜,仅仅这么简单的两条,就会在一定程度上帮你调节糖类摄取平衡,这个对健康有好处
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Just as a note, I cued you about the level of detail I'm expecting you to acquire from class and from the readings, and I'm not so interested that you memorize those particular sugars and which category they fall under, but it is interesting to know that there are different types of sugars.
温馨提示,我会告诉大家我希望你们,能从课堂和阅读中学到的知识深度,我并不要求大家记住这些特殊的糖类,以及他们都属于哪个类别,但是知道有不同类型的糖是有必要的
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If you start to look at food labels more carefully, what you'll find is some version of sugar, and if you find ose, o-s-e at the end of something, that means it's a sugar.
如果你更仔细地看看食品标签,你会找到许多类型的糖,如果你找到词缀"ose",以ose结尾的单词,那说明这是糖类
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