This then is the object of Saussure's attention as a linguist and as a semiotician.

这就是索绪尔所注意到的,作为一个符号学家兼语言学家。

耶鲁公开课 - 文学理论导论课程节选

And human language uses this amazing trick described by Ferdinand de Saussure, the great linguist, as "The arbitrariness of the sign."

人类语言使用这些,被语言学家费迪南德·德·索绪尔,称之为"符号任意性"的神奇把戏

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选

In the first passage, the statement about language by criticism, that sign and meaning can never coincide, is what is precisely taken for granted in the kind of language we call "literary."

在第一段，关于语言的主张，用批判的方式，认为符号和意思永远不能相矛盾，正是这个主张,被人们认为是理所当然的，对于我们所说的文学语言来说“

耶鲁公开课 - 文学理论导论课程节选

What the whole note is, what all these symbols are are simply representations of duration so we have a symbolic language here that's going to represent the horizontal axis the axis of duration.

什么是全音符,这些符号又都是什么呢,这些就是简单代表了持续时间,因此我们这里有一套符号语言,来代表横轴,就是时值的那条轴

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You do have mathematical operators in C and most every language.

在C语言还有一些其他,编程语言里有很多数学符号。

哈佛公开课 - 计算机科学课程节选

It allows for this map between a symbol, say a spoken word, and any sort of thought we want to use.

语言允许在符号,比如说出的一个词,与我们想要使用的任何想法之间,存在着这种映射关系

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选

So that's the way a sign works in language.

这就是符号是如何被应用在语言中。

耶鲁公开课 - 文学理论导论课程节选

It might be worth pausing over the variety of ways in which we can think of signs in language, all of which have to do with the way in which a given sign might be chosen to go into a speech sentence.

这也许值得尝试,为了理解语言和符号的关系，这一切都和符号怎样,被选择为一段话语的构成部分有关系。

耶鲁公开课 - 文学理论导论课程节选

Well, in any case, so language is a system of signs.

所以，语言是一个符号系统。

耶鲁公开课 - 文学理论导论课程节选

Now language is a system of signs.

语言是符号的组合。

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