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I can then subsequently lose an electron from the lithium ion. Lithium ion loses an electron to become lithium 2plus.
然后我能在锂离子中，失去一个电子,锂离子失去一个电子,变为二价锂离子。
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So we could think about comparing the potassium ion to a sodium ion. They have the same charge of plus one.
我们可以想象比较一下钾离子,与钠离子，它们都同样带有正一价的电荷。
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Because aluminum ions have charge of plus three and oxygen ions have charge of minus two.
因为铝离子为正三价,氧为负二价。
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So chlorine, if we talk about it in terms of electron affinity, we would be writing that we're actually gaining an electron here, and getting the ion, c l minus.
那么，氯，如果我们要讨论它的电子亲和能，我们会假设它真的得到了,一个电子而变成离子，负一价的氯。
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So, selenium 2 minus is what's going to be isoelectronic, because if you add two electrons to selenium, you'll get the same electron configuration that you have for krypton here.
负二价的硒离子将是等电子的，因为如果你给硒原子加上两个电子，你会得到,和氪原子相同的电子排布。
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So, that also tells us that the n minus ion is less stable than the neutral atom itself.
而且，这还告诉我们,负一价的氮离子不如中性氮原子稳定。
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Whereas for fluorine, fluorine is smaller than f minus is the one that's the outer shell shown here.
而对于氟来说，氟原子更小,与外部壳层在这的负一价氟离子相比。
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So if we want to write out what that would be, it would just be to say that f minus is isoelectronic with neon.
那么如果我们把它写出来，它应该就是负一价的氟离子与氖原子是等电子的。
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So, in other words, this c l minus is actually lower in energy than the reactants were.
也就是说，负一价氯离子,比原来的反应物的能量更低。
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So here we're talking about v plus 1, so if we were to write it just for the neutral electron itself, we would find that the electron configuration is argon, that's the filled shell in front of it.
这里我们要分析的是正一价的钒离子，因此，我们先写出中性原子的电子排布，可以发现，其原子实是氩原子的电子排布，这些壳层已经被占满了。
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So, we can say that -- if we have neon here and we want to think about what's isoelectronic, -- f minus would be isoelectronic. We also have oxygen -- what would the charge on oxygen be? Um-hmm, right. 2 minus.
那么，我们可以说--如果我们这里有氖原子,而我们想知道与它等电子的是什么，负一价的氟离子就是与它等电子的，我们还有氧-,氧应该是几价的？没错，负二价。
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So the correct answer for titanium plus two Ar3d2 is going to be argon 3 d 2, whereas if we did not rearrange our order here 4s2 we might have been tempted to write as 4 s 2 so keep that in mind when you're doing the positive ions of corresponding atoms.
所以正2价钛离子,的正确答案是，然而如果我们不重新安排顺序,我们可能会写出2,所以请记住,它当你们在解关于原子,的正离子的时候。
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And then a lithium 2plus still has an electron.
然后二价锂离子仍有一个电子。
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And this is just a picture showing some of these sizes with their parent. So, for example, a lithium here, you can see how lithium plus is smaller than the actual lithium atom in its neutral state.
这是一张对比图,展示某些离子与它们的母体，比如，这里是锂，大家可以看到正一价锂离子是多么的小,与中性锂原子相比。
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so it's important to note that it's not in b, now we're talking about b plus, because we've already taken an electron out here.
其中有一个非常重要的地方需要注意，不是硼，而是正一价硼离子，因为我们已经拿走了一个电子了。
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So, for example, if we think of the fluorine minus case, would you expect fluorine minus to be larger or smaller than neutral fluorine? Okay. I heard mostly larger, but a little bit of a mix in there, and it turns out that larger is correct.
比如，如果我们来考虑一下负一价的氟离子的话，大家认为它大一些还是小一些？,对比于比中性氟原子，好的，我听到大部分人说大一些，但是也有一些不同意见，而正确答案应该是大一些。
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So, what we call this is the third ionization energy, or the negative of the binding energy, again of the 2 s orbital, but now it's in boron plus 2 to we're starting with.
那么我们称它为第三电离能，或者负的束缚能，还是，2，s，轨道的，但现在我们是从正二价硼离子开始的。
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So, in the case of boron plus 1, what we are starting with is the ion, so we're starting with a 2 s electron, 2 s 1 and then we're going to 2 s 1 here.
在正一价硼中，我们面对的是这个离子，本来就应该从，2，s，电子开始，然后这里变成。
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So let's think about the energy required now to remove a 2 s electron, let's say we're removing it from boron plus 1 versus neutral boron.
那么让我们来想一想,拿走一个，2，s，电子所消耗的能量，假设一个是从正一价硼离子中拿走1,另一个是从中性硼原子中拿走。
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We can write out what it is for any certain atom or ion x, X so it's just x plus an electron gives us x minus.
我们可以用，X，来表示一个任意的原子或离子，因此可以写成，X，加一个电子等于负一价的。
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