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So either a potassium cyanide or sodium cyanide, these are used in synthesis in terms of making carbon-carbon bonds.
因此无论是氰化钾还是氰化钠，都被用来在合成过程中,制造碳碳键。
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So, in order to fill our octet, what we do is put two on the nitrogen and two on the carbon.
因此，为了填满我们的“八隅体“,我们需要将两个放到氮上，将另外两个放到碳上。
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And I look up and see that 55 the electronegativity of carbon is 2.55 2 we already know, is 2.20.
我查了一下电负性,碳是2。,2。
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You got cholesterol, sodium, carbohydrate here, broken down as fiber and sugars, and that's very helpful information to know.
这里还有胆固醇,钠及碳水化合物含量,碳水化合物又被细分为膳食纤维和糖,这也是很有用的信息
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The other chain is facing in the other direction, the 3' carbon is up, the 5' carbon is down.
对面的那条单链方向相反,3'位的碳原子向上,5'位的碳原子向下
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So we can have four total hydrogens bonding here, - and we can think about how to describe these carbon- carbon bonds.
我们这里一共有四个氢原子成键，我们可以考虑怎么来-,描述碳碳键。
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And one thing I want to tell you to start out with is something about this c h 3 group here.
有一点需要告诉大家的是,从这个一个碳原子和三个氢原子的组合开始。
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So, shared electrons are the ones that are shared between the carbon and the nitrogen, so we have 6 shared electrons, and we want to take 1/2 of that.
共用电子是那些在碳和氮之间,被它们共用的电子，那么我们有六个共用电子，然后我们要给它乘上二分之一。
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I'll talk today about protein and then next week, or next class, we'll talk in more detail about carbohydrate and fat.
我们会在今天讨论蛋白质,下节课进一步解释碳水化合物和脂肪
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92% So its abundance in nature is 98.892%.
这个碳的存在占了总数的98。
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So let's take the case of acetylene where we have two carbon atoms that are going to be triple bonded to each other, each are bonded to a carbon and then to one hydrogen.
让我们来看一看乙炔的例子,我们有两个碳原子,成三键，每个碳和一个碳一个氢相连。
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And since carbon's electronegativity is higher than that of hydrogen, which you would expect from where carbon lies on the Periodic Table. Think about it.
碳的高于氢的,你也可以从碳在，元素周期表上的位置,判断出来，试想一下。
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They're the magic nutrient books: carbohydrates, fat, whatever it happens to be, that's one theme you could follow.
它们是些神奇的营养学书籍,碳水化合物,脂肪,或者其它东西,都可以成为著书的主题
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This blue chain here goes from 5' carbon all along the chain and there's a 3' carbon left open at the bottom.
这条蓝色的链,从5'碳开始一直向下延伸,以3'碳做为链的末端
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So I could refer to the 4' carbon and you'd know I'd mean this one, or the 2' carbon you'd know I mean this one.
所以当我说,4'碳的时候你就知道是讲到哪个碳,2'碳的话就是指的这里
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We don't have to just stick with carbon, we can think about describing other types of atoms as well using this hybridization.
我们不用局限于碳，我们可以考虑利用杂化轨道,描述其它类型的原子。
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So in addition to having these two carbon bonds, we actually also have four carbon hydrogen bonds in addition to our carbon-carbon bonds.
在这碳碳之间的键以外，我们还有四个碳氢键,除了我们的碳碳键外。
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And because, of course, we have this carbon here what you end up doing is adding a carbon to your molecule.
因为，当然，我们这里有一个碳,接下来需要做的就是在你的分子中再加上一个碳。
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But, if you look more carefully, you will find that this is a blend of three different forms of carbon.
但是，如果你们再认真一点，会发现,它是三种形式的碳的混合物。
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You bring iron ore from one part of the planet, carbon, limestone, you put it into this reactor and you ship this all over the world.
你得到钢铁从地球的一个地方，还有碳，石灰岩，将它们放入这个反应器,你将它运送到世界各地。
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And you might have kind of been projecting ahead and thinking if we keep up at this pace, pretty much we would only get to carbon by the end of the semester.
你们可能会有这种推测：,如果我们以这个速度继续下去的话，这个学期,也只能讲到碳原子。
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So, why don't you go ahead and tell me, keeping that in mind, which atom in terms of h c or n would you expect to be in the center of hydrogen cyanide?
那么，请大家来告诉我，并且记住它，你认为氢，碳和氮中哪个原子,应该在氰化氢的中间呢？
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This will be the definition of the mole as the amount of carbon weighing exactly 12 grams, so I would like to know now how many particles, how many carbons are there in that mole.
摩尔的定义就是,12克的碳的数量，我想知道有多少粒子，一摩尔会有多少碳粒子。
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So, the first thing we do is put two electrons between h and c, and then two electrons between c and n.
那么，我们先在氢和碳之间放两个电子，然后在碳和氮之间再放两个电子。
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sp3 PROFESSOR: OK, so it's 2 s p 3, and our second carbon is also 2 s p 3.
好的，是，第二个碳原子也是2sp3。
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So if you think about any one of these carbon-carbon bonds, what type of a bond would you expect that to be?
如果你们考虑任何一个碳碳键，它是什么类型的？
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We have carbon 12. I will even leave off the 6 because we already know it is carbon.
我们有碳12，我们将6省去6,因为我们已经知道它是碳了。
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You have a molecule where we put the carbon in the center, and we go up like this, like this, and out the back.
你有一个分子,我们把碳放在中间，现在我们得到了。
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then what you have is a carbon in the middle with three hydrogens around it, and then it can only be bonded to one other thing.
那么你就会有一个碳原子在中心,三个氢原子围绕着它，那么它只能再和一个原子成键。
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So our skeleton tells us that carbon is in the middle, so we'll put the h on one side, and the n on the other side there.
我们的骨架告诉我们碳原子应该放在中间，因此我们把氢原子放在一边，把氮原子放在另外一边。
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