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Just like we see destructive interference with water waves or with light waves, we can also see destructive interference with orbitals.
就像我们看到水波,和光波的相消干涉，我们也可以看到轨道的相消干涉。
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Since we're talking about wave functions, since we're talking about the properties of waves, we don't only have constructive interference, we can also imagine a case where we would have destructive interference.
因为我们讨论的是波函数，因为我们讨论的是波的性质，我们不仅有相长干涉，我们也可以想象在,某种情况下会有相消干涉。
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p1/p2 So, the nRT's cancel, and we have p1 over p2.
因此nRT相消，结果就是。
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So we want to have constructive interference to form a bond, where as if we had destructive interference, we would not be forming a bond.
我们需要,相干相长来成键，如果，相干相消了，就不能成键，所以这时候。
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So we can actually constructively and destructively combine these waves, these atomic orbitals to make a hybrid.
我们可以相长,和相消叠加这些波，这些原子轨道可以杂化。
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All right. So we see constructive interference, of course, we can also see destructive interference.
好了，我们看到的是相长干涉，当然我们也会看到相消干涉。
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So if we're subtracting the interference term, what we have here now is destructive interference.
如果我们减去干涉项，我们得到的就是相消干涉。
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And really, all you're experiencing there is destructive interference in a very bad way.
我有的，实际上，你们感受的,相干相消的负面影响。
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We can also talk about anti-bonding orbitals where we have destructive interference.
我们也可以讨论,相消干涉的反键轨道。
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But first, I just want to remind you when we're talking about molecular orbital theory, this is treating electrons as waves, so what we're actually able to do is either constructively or destructively combine atomic orbitals to form molecular orbitals.
但首先，我要提醒你们,当我们讨论，分子轨道理论的时候，我们把电子看作是一种波,所以我们可以相长叠加,或者相消叠加这些原子轨道来组成分子轨道。
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If you compare the s orbital with the bottom lobe, these have a different sign so they're going to destructively interfere.
如果你们比较s轨道和下面这叶，它们正负号相反,所以它们相消干涉。
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In this case is it constructive or destructive interference?
在这种情况是相长干涉还是相消干涉？
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see people with them, and what happens here is it's supposed to be those noise cancellation headphones. All they do is they take in the ambient noise that's around it, and there's actually battery in the headphones, that then produces waves that are going to destructively interfere with that ambient noise.
我从来没有用过这个,但你会看到有人带他们,它们可以作为消噪音耳机,它们所做的就是采入,周围的随机噪声，耳机里面是，有电池的，然后它能产生和,随机噪声相干相消的声波。
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We have destructive interference here.
这里是相消干涉。
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So, it's very well designed such that they've minimized any of these destructive interference dead sounds. So, it's nice, on a student budget you can go and get the worst seat in the house and you can hear just as well as they can hear up front, even if you can't actually see what's going on.
世界上最好的两三个音乐厅之一,它的设计十分精巧，把任何相干相消,都见到了最低，所以这点对于你们,用学生预算买到一个最差的位置的人,来说是很好的，你们可以听得,像前排一样清楚，虽然你们,可能看不见台上发生了什么。
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In contrast, if we have destructive interference, what we're going to form is a sigma 2 s star, and what does the star designate?
相反，如果我们是相消干涉，我们会形成sigma2s星，星代表什么？
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And the pi star orbitals result from any time you have destructive py interference from 2 p orbitals that are either the p x or the p y.
星轨道是由于2p轨道的相消干涉,不管是px还是。
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The reason that we can talk about this is remember that we're talking about wave functions, we're talking about waves, so we can have constructive interference in which two different orbitals can constructively interfere, we can also have destructive interference.
我们可以这么说的原因是,记住我们说的是波函数，我们说的是波函数，所以我们可以得到相长干涉,这是两个不同轨道会相长干涉，我们也有相消干涉。
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So, another example of destructive interference is just with the Bose headphones.
另一个相干相消的粒子,就是Bose耳机。
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sa So we have 1 s a, and we're drawing this as having a positive amplitude, but since we have destructive interference we're going to draw 1 s b as having the opposite sign, so we have a plus and a minus in terms of signs.
我们有，我们把这画成一个正的振幅，但因为我们是相消干涉,我们把1sb画成相反的符号，所以我们有一正一负两个符号。
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