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The dietary laws are presented by the priests not as a sensible way to avoid various diseases that are caused by the lack of refrigeration in the desert.
饮食教规并不是被祭司们,并不是作为一个规避疾病的方法出现的,这些疾病是由于沙漠地区缺水造成的。
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So, this just shows as the vaccine was distributed, given to more people, that prevalence of the disease dropped dramatically.
因此,这表明随着疫苗的推广,以及接种人数的增加,该疾病的患病率显著降低
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Now the difference between the two models, the health model and the disease model is more than just semantic.
两种模型，健康模型和疾病模型的差异,不仅仅是语义上的。
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Yeah, it's an anti-psychotic drug, some people with bipolar disorder even today still take it, it works really well for some people, for other people it doesn't work so well.
没错，它是一种用来治疗精神疾病的药物，患有躁郁症的人至今仍在用它来治疗，它对一部分人效果很好，但对其他人却不是这样。
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We have to ask ourselves, "Which of these does a better job of explaining the facts about disease?"
我们需要问问自己,这两者哪一个能更好地,解释关于疾病的一系列现象
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And the claim that psychoanalysis proves itself by being- by its tremendous success in curing mental illness is also almost certainly not true.
对于精神分析,通过在治疗心理疾病方面获得的巨大成功,证明了其理论的正确性,这个观点当然也是不对的。
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The third source of ritual impurity would be genital discharges, both normal and diseased.
第三个仪式上不洁的来源是生殖器排放，包括正常的和有疾病的。
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The heavier a person is the more likely they are to die of cardiovascular disease.
人越胖,死于心血管疾病的风险越高
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And we think the brain activation, we can use that to predict financial choice, but beyond that, we can actually use it in some symptom profiles in mental disorders.
我们认为，我们可以通过大脑活动，来预测金融决策，但不仅如此，我们还可以用它来监测精神疾病的病情。
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And he had a miserable life until then because he always had illnesses, some of which might be even psychosomatic. So he was the optimist and the one who lived well with the pessimist.
那之前他生活得很悲惨，因为,他总是病魔缠身，有些是精神方面的疾病,因此他属于乐观主义者,而且能够和悲观主义者相处的很好。
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There are people who are dying of diseases for which there are known cures because they don't have the best medicine, which are often not even expensive but they're living in such poverty.
有些人因疾病而死,而这些疾病是可以被治愈的,但是他们没有最好的药物,有些药甚至并不是很昂贵,但是他们实在生活太困窘了
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If animals get a similar disease then you can learn about that disease progression in much more detail in the animal.
如果动物也能罹患相似的疾病,那么我们可以通过动物,更详尽的研究病程发展
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Here,the first level: do we focus on weaknesses, which is the disease model,say let's get rid of weaknesses?
第一个层次：,我们是否重视缺点，也就是疾病模型所说的我们要摆脱的缺点？
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Genetic scans for disease predictions, and we talked about one way you might do that using gene chips.
基因扫描技术可用于预测疾病,我们讨论的基因芯片技术是其中的一种
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And so one of the points I want to make here, on this slide, is that this is a very disease-specific thing.
在幻灯片上我想强调的一个重点是,疫苗是有疾病特异性的
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Indeed, one occasionally reads in the newspaper about this sort of thing where you can get tested for such and such a disease.
实际上，一次偶然在报纸上看到,有关这种在哪里可以,化验这种那种疾病的内容。
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People don't usually think so much of nuts as a protective part of the diet, but in fact they have some of the healthy fat as well.
通常人们并不认为坚果有预防疾病的功能,但事实上它们含有很多有益脂肪
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This is very different from the disease model that says, " "Ok,you are unwell. Deal with that illness."
这和疾病模型所说的有很大不同，“好，你不舒服，那就治病去吧“
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How come these have risen above infectious diseases over the last several hundred years?
在过去的几百年中,它们的致死率是如何超过感染性疾病的的
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But this isn't very convincing. Only one set of diseases is said to generate ritual impurity, and many substances these are not sources of ritual impurity to Israel's priests.
但这不是很令人信服，只有某一疾病,时由于不洁的仪式引发的，很多,这些对以色列祭司来说并不是不洁的来源。
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Humoral comes from the term humours and it used to be that we thought about disease as being caused by the balance of humours in our blood.
体液一词来源于体液学说,过去认为疾病的产生,与血中的体液平衡有关
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They fixed that procedure and after that the cases went down even more.
该厂家修正了生产漏洞之后,疾病的发生率下降的更多了
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And so you could pass diseases like syphilis from one individual to another.
所以你可能把像梅毒这样的疾病,从一个人传到另一个人
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You have to test it by giving the vaccine to a large population of people, and then watching and seeing if you've reduced the incidence of the disease.
这样的测试的做法只能是,给大量人群分发疫苗,接着观察和了解,这种疾病的发病率是否有所降低
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We're going to talk a lot about how one can use the technology that we have now to treat these kinds of diseases like cancer and heart disease.
我们会讲到,如何利用现有的技术,来治疗像心脏病和癌症这样的疾病
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This is mostly a disease that would occur in children.
这是一种主要发生于儿童的严重疾病
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And that was possible in smallpox because of a few characteristics of the disease: one is that it's a--it's purely a human disease, humans are the only organisms that are affected by it.
天花能够被根治的原因在于,这种疾病具有以下几个特点,一是,它是一种只有人类才得的疾病,人类是唯一受天花感染的生物
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In this way, by knowing what communities it's in and acting on all of them at once you might be able to eradicate polio in the same way that we eradicated smallpox.
因此,通过知晓疾病的所在群体,并且一次性对整个群体做免疫尝试,也许那就可以像根除天花那样,根除小儿麻痹症
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And this just is another list, I mainly wanted you to have it in your notes of diseases that are important around the world, for which there are very active programs to develop either vaccines or more effective vaccines.
这是另一个表,我希望你们做笔记时把它加到,世界上这些严重的传染疾病上,因为现在有一些项目致力于开发,针对这些疾病的疫苗或者改进式疫苗
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And he hypothesized that they were getting the disease in cows, which the disease from cows that caused a milder disease than smallpox, and that protected them from getting the more severe forms of smallpox later.
他假定奶牛将这种疾病传染给挤奶女工,这种源自奶牛的疾病比天花更温和,它保护女工们,免受更为严重的天花感染
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