Literal punishment: for example, in the Code of Hammurabi, where someone's ox kills a child, then the ox owner's child is killed.
例如,在汉穆拉比法典里,如果某人的牛,杀死了一个小孩,那么这头牛的主人的小孩也应处死。
So if you want a real milk to drink, go to the cow and tell, "Give me fresh milk."
所以,如果你想喝真正的牛奶了,就去跟牛说,“给我点儿新鲜牛奶吧。”
The stuff that people tend to add sometimes is to keep drawing the 10 Newtons that's acting on that.
有人经常凭空添加的力,总是把这个 10 牛的力硬加在这个物体上
So, he intentionally inoculated his wife and two children with fluid that he got from one of his sick cows.
所以他给自己的妻子和两个孩子接种了,取自病牛的体液
I thought that was pretty neat.
我觉得那样也挺牛的
They are engaged in raising livestock, which in Greece is more likely to be sheep and goats than cattle, but also breeding horses, which is very important for the aristocracy for carrying on warfare.
他们擅长豢养牲畜,在当地似乎养绵羊和山羊比牛要来的容易,但是他们同样养马,这对于贵族阶层发动战争很重要
Okay. Then you can look at how many things like cows are raised in the United States, and how many acres there are of carrots, or wheat, or corn, or whatever it is.
好了,然后就可以看看,比如,美国养了多少头牛,种植了多少英亩的胡萝卜,小麦,玉米,或其他东西
The land bellowed like wild oxen.
大地发出牛一样的叫声。
You've got horses which you need for the army but also which they start slaughtering; you've got cattle but you have enough food to last for maybe a month; there's always a lot to drink because of the caves, that is, the wine cellars that people had, but things get worse and worse.
你有军队所需的马,但是士兵会把马杀来吃,你有牛,但是这些食物只能,维持大概一个月的时间,喝的东西总是不缺的,因为他们有酒窖,就是用来储藏葡萄酒的酒窖,不过事态还是变得越来越糟
So it's true. Before, it was like a butcher place where they cut the cows and pigs and everything.
是这样的。以前它像个杀牛、猪等动物的屠宰场。
By the way, when I say there's 10 Newtons acting this way, you might say, "What about gravity? What about the table?"
顺便提一下我说有 10 牛的作用力,你也许会问,"那重力呢,桌子对它的力呢"
On this guy, I have 10 from the left 10 acting this way, 4 acting that way.
对这个物体,受到一个 10 牛的从左向右的力,10牛的力朝这边,4牛的力朝那边
And he produced a fluid from cowpox lesions, so these were these lesions, these skin lesions on cows.
他生产出一种取自牛痘,即牛皮肤上的瘢痕的液体
And he started with a similar but different observation, and that was that cows get a disease that's very similar to smallpox.
他首先观察到一种类似但不同的情况,就是牛得了一种很像天花的病
Here is some object, it's 5 kilograms and I apply 10 Newtons.
这有一个物体,5 千克,我对它施加 10 牛的力
I got 2 kg and I pull this guy with 10 Newtons.
还有一个 2 千克的物体,我用 10 牛的力来拉它
The other problem is that as it was passed from me to another individual, to another individual, then the vaccine could change in some ways that were hard to predict because what accumulates in the lesion in my arm is different in some way than what accumulates in the lesion on a cow.
另外一个问题是当疫苗从我这传到另一人,到另一个个体,疫苗可能会发生某些改变,这种改变很难预测,因为胳膊上积累的病变,与牛身上积累的病变是不太一样的
Here I got 3 kg and I got 2 kg and I'm pushing with 10 Newtons and I want to know what happens.
一个物体 3 千克,另一个 2 千克,现在我用 10 牛的力推它,我想知道接下来会怎样
We're not a very big, important bank yet, but it makes me interested in the whole field.
我们不是很大很牛的投行,但这使我对这个领域非常非常感兴趣。
Newtons acting on 2 kg, gives you an acceleration of 2.
牛的力作用在 2 千克的物体上,那么其加速度大小就是 2
A typical problem that you may have done in your first pass at Newton's law, someone tells you a force of 36 Newtons is acting on a mass of whatever, 4 kilograms; what's the acceleration?
在你们第一次接触牛顿定律时,可能见过这么一道典型题目,告诉你,一个 36 牛的力,作用在一个物体上,4 千克吧,问加速度是多少
If your plan is to accelerate a 3 kg mass with an acceleration of 2 meters per second, you better have a rope that can furnish that force and it can take the tension of 6 Newtons.
如果你想用 2 米每秒平方的加速度,去拉一个 3 千克的物体,那么你就需要一根能提供拉力的绳子,并且它能够承受 6 牛的张力
Vacca is the, I'm sure there's a Latin scholar in here that will correct my pronunciation, but vacca is the Latin word for cow.
acca是,我确定这里有一个拉丁学者的话,他会纠正我的拉丁发音,vacca是拉丁语中"牛"的意思
That's, in turn, because this guy's being pushed by the 10 Newtons, but that's not your problem.
反过来,因为这个物体被 10 牛的力推着,但和你没有关系
It's the 10 Newtons acting on it, because I know the 10 Newton is pushing me and I'm going to feel it even if I'm here.
他们认为这 10 牛的力作用在了物体上,因为这个力在推着物体前进,物体能感觉到的,即使没有直接接触
So, tension on the rope is 6 Newtons.
所以绳子的张力是 6 牛
They add to that the 10 Newtons.
他们加上了这个 10 牛的力
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