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It could be hydrogen, it could be helium plus, it could be lithium double plus and so on.
它可能是氢，可能是带一个正电荷的氦，也可能是带两个正电荷的锂，等等。
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Versus looking at, for example, helium or neon or argon, these are all inert gases, inert meaning essentially do not react, those were grouped together in the periodic table.
相反，他发现氦，氖，氩，都是惰性气体，惰性的意思是基本不参与化学反应，因此把它们放在周期表中的同一类里。
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Alpha particles are these helium nuclei, and they are the result of radioactive decay.
阿尔法粒子是氦核，它们是放射性衰变的产物。
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Again we have the charge of the nucleus on plus 2, +2 but let's say this time the electron now is going to be very, very close to the nucleus.
对于我们的氦原子，我们有一次得到了原子核电荷量为,但是我们说这次电子。
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Similarly we see as we go down the table, so as we're going from one row to the next row, so, for example, between helium and lithium, we see a drop; the same with neon to sodium, we see a drop here.
同样地，我们来看看沿着周期表往下走，当我们从一行到下一行时，比如，从氦到锂，我们看到了一个下落;,从氖到钠也一样，我们看到这里有个下落。
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s2 And, in this case, I start with helium -is 1s2.
在这种情况心爱，氦开始的是。
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Yeah, good. So, they're actually helium atoms, helium ions. And this wasn't really important for the studies, it didn't matter that didn't know what they are but it's nice to kind of know now - that we do know what they were using.
氦粒子，这对他们的研究并不重要,他们并不需要知道它是什么,但我们最好知道,他们当时用的是什么。
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He goes back and redoes the calculation, only in this case he says what I am going to do is I am going to redo the calculation for helium, but I am going to consider not just the mass of the electron but the reduced mass of the system.
他回去重新做了计算，仅在这种情况下他才会说说我将要,为氦重做计算，但我认为,不只是电子的质量,还有系统质量的减少量。
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You've got an electron donor with a powerful urge to become neon-like.
你已经有了一个电子给体,它有这巨大动力要变成和氦一样的结构。
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We have a helium nucleus and one electron.
我们有一个氦核和一个电子。
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If helium loses on electron, what do we have?
如果氦原子失去了一个电子，我们得到了什么？
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Whatever the n number is, with the exception of helium, helium is the oddity because there's only two elements in n equals one shell.
无论n是多少，除了氦之外，氦是个特例,因为只有两个元素,在n为1的这一层。
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Does anyone know more than what Rutherford knew at the time, what alpha particles actually are?
知道alpha粒子是什么吗？,是的，很好，它们实际上是氦原子？
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So, for example, 1s1 again we see hydrogen is 1 s 1, helium we say is 1 s 2, or 1 s squared, 1s2 so instead of writing out the 1 s 1 and the 1 s 2, we just combine it 1s22s1 as 1 s squared, lithium is 1 s 2, 2 s 1.
简化符号所以举例来说，我们又看到氢是，氦是1s2或者1s的平方，所以不是将它写为1s1和1,而是我们将它合并为1s的平方,锂是。
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