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So in the end,the canon is a list of the winners in the historical debate to define orthodox Christianity.
所以最后，正典书目只是赢家的清单,他们在这场定义东正教的历史争论中胜出。
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Now,notice that does not necessarily mean it's canonical because scripture in some religions refers to a bunch of stuff.
要记住它不一定是正典,因为圣典在某些宗教里涉及很多东西。
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There's a big debate about whether this canon list was composed around the year 200 or around the year 400.
人们曾热烈争论过正典书目的形成时间,是形成于主后两百年还是主后四百年。
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I'm just trying to give you an idea of the variety of different canons for different churches in different regions.
我只是想让你了解一下,不同地区不同教会的各种正典书目。
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But when you call something "canon," you mean that there's a group of writing that has boundaries to it.
但是当你称某样东西为正典时,便是指那些有界限的书籍。
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By calling it canon,we're saying there's an actual list that a religious body adheres to, with books that are either in or books that are not in.
正典里有一系列书目,它们为宗教团体所支持，有些书被列入，有些书则被排斥。
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and so what the lecture today is going to be about is how did the particular twenty-seven books that came to be the New Testament canon,how did those get chosen?
这也是今天的课程所谈的,就是那27卷书是如何成为,新约正典的，它们怎么被选中的？
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Now,notice that means that some people would say that they use that 367 date,when Bishop Athanasius sent around his Easter letter. And they say that's when the Christian canon of the New Testament was set.
有些人会说,它写于主后367年，即阿萨内修斯主教,分发复活节书信的时候,据说那就是确定基督教新约正典的时间。
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In fact,if you wanted to argue against, say,the Letter of Hebrews being included,you could say, "But all the people in the East don't accept the Letter of Hebrews as part of their canon,so we shouldn't,either."
实际上，如果你想反对，希伯来书被选上，你可以说，“但是东方的人都不承认希伯来书,属于他们的正典，所以我们也不应承认“
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Except that the Revelation of John is still not part of the lectionary or canon in some Eastern and Middle Eastern churches.
除了约翰启示录仍然不在,一些东方和中东教会的经文选或正典里。
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So if you go to an Anglican church, they will also,most of the time, accept the Roman Catholic canon,along with Roman Catholics.
所以如果你到了圣公会，大多数时候，他们会接受，罗马天主教正典和罗马天主教徒。
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Introduction to New Testament History and Literature: Lecture 2 Professor Dale Martin: What is scripture,and what is canon?
新约历史与文学导论，第二课2,戴尔马丁教授：,何为圣典，何为正典？
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So when you say,though,theological appropriateness is what ended up being the most important criterion for including stuff in the canon,you actually have to say then, "Appropriate to whom?"
但是如果你说神学合适性,是选择正典书目,最重要的标准，那么你可以问，“对谁合适？“
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But you can see when you look at all these different codices, different canon lists,from a century later in the 400s,two centuries later in the 500s,three centuries later in the 600s, you still get different lists.
如果你看看那些不同的抄本，不同的正典书目，一个世纪后的主后400年,两个世纪后的主后500年，三个世纪后的主后600年，你得到的书目仍然不同。
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So the emperors would try to call together councils to get them to agree on things. To get them to agree on doctrine, to get them to agree on the canon.
所以皇帝会把议会召集起来,让他们达成一致，达成共同的教义，共同的正典。
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If you didn't accept Marcion's canon,his list, what was going to be your list?
如果你不接受马吉安的正典书目，那你的书目是什么？
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Sometimes he believed they just weren't supposed to be included with the highest canonical books.
有时候人们只是认为,它们不属于最好的正典。
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But generally,the canon developed over time through a process of general consensus.
但通常来说，正典书目,通过普遍同意会得以发展。
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But they don't have a set list of things that make something the canon.
但他们没有列出一系列东西,让它们成为正典。
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Notice what the canon list eventually have.
看看最终的正典书目有什么。
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Why is it canon?" And most Christians will say, "Because it is inspired."
为什么这是正典？“大多数基督教徒会说，“因为它具有神启性“
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What does it mean to call something "canon" that makes it different from scripture?
正典是什么意思？,它和圣典有什么不同？
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Judaism,Islam and Christianity all have,basically,canons.
犹太教，伊斯兰教和基督教都有正典。
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So that's what it means to call something "canonical."
那就是正典的意思“
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So notice that this could be a very early canon list.
所以这可能是一张非常早的正典书目。
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And that's,eventually,how they got included into the canon.
它们就是那样成为正典的。
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