So the force that you're pushing down on here is the external pressure times the area.

或者压缩功的概念,在活塞上施加压力。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

That means the force you're applying is cancelled by another force, which has got to be the force of friction.

意味着你施加在物体上的力被另一个力抵消了,这个力就是摩擦力

耶鲁公开课 - 基础物理课程节选

So you know, what the second law is doing, in other words, it's putting these restrictions on how well or how effectively we can convert heat into work in the case of the engine, or work into heat extracted in the case of a refrigerator.

你们知道，在热机中，热力学第二定律的作用，换句话说，就是给热量,转化为功的效率,施加限制,或在制冷剂中，对抽取热量,进行限制。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

Whatever he removes out of the state that nature has provided, " and left it in, he has mixed his labor with, and joined it to something that is his own, " and thereby makes it his property."

所以只要他使任何东西脱离自然所提供的状态，《政府论》第五章，“论财产“,脱离其现有状态，他就已经掺进他的劳动，在这上面施加了他自己所有的某些东西，因而，使它成为他的财产“

耶鲁公开课 - 公正课程节选