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Instead if we want this pointer to represent the address of something in as much as it points at that address let's just draw an arrow.
如果我们想要让这个指针表示,数据的地址，它指向的地址,我用一个箭头表示。
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using, like, you know, pre-existing data
用的是，你知道，已经存在的数据
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Well let me put up some real numbers and we'll see about how much the correspondence to what we've got here.
现在我们用真实的数据,来和我们的结论比对一下
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I wanted to show an example with real data that I computed and that's what's up on the screen.
我用真实的数据做了一个案例,请看上方的屏幕。
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A low-level language, we used to call this assembly programming, you're down at the level of, your primitives are literally moving pieces of data from one location of memory to another, through a very simple operation.
一个低级的语言，我们曾经将其称为假设编程，你们只是处于用基本要素，把一些数据碎片,从记忆存储器的一个地方，通过简单的操作来转到另外一个地方。
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In class we'll have more data to present to you and we'll be eager to talk about some of the ways that people will be using the site and what the potential impact will be.
课堂上将会呈现更多的数据,我们渴望谈论,人们用这个网站的方法,以及潜在的影响。
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Those are the sorts of things we need to break down the statistics the billion people in poverty.
我们需要用这些事例,让人们对几十亿人口,这样一个数据有具体的认识。
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At the end of the day this is all about equipping you with skills and knowledge and understanding with which to take a problem, take a large data set maybe and actually produce something useful-- produce a project that is of interest to you.
下午放学后,就用学到的技能，知识和理解力来,解决问题，或者处理超大数据集,或制造一些有用的东西-,例如发起一个你们感兴趣的项目。
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We did a study using the Framingham data ourselves several --some years ago where we were interested in the issue of weight cycling.
几年前我们用弗明汉研究的数据做过研究,我们对体重循环这个问题很感兴趣
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And he actually quantified it.
鲍林也确实做到了用数据来度量它。
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We have to interpret the data differently.
我们要用不同的角度理解数据
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I shouldn't put down a name of a company because I can't reproduce this diagram for Microsoft.
我不应该用这个公司名,因为我没法重现它的数据
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And thankfully with 64-bit values can we do so, but sure enough will we run out of space, even with those types of types.
幸亏有64位的数值，我们才能做到如此，但是我们的空间真的会用完，即使有这样的数据类型。
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Again, I don't want to make too much of my estimates because different people would estimate these things in different ways, but that's the theory.
再说一次，我不想太过强调我的估算,因为不同的人,会用不同的方法估算这些数据，但这只是个理论。
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I've added the ability to have more complex data structures here. But I dropped a hint in the first lecture about what you could computer with things. In fact if you think for a second about that list, you could ask what can I compute with just that set of constructs?
我添加了使用更复杂的数据结构的能力,但是我在第一节课给大家了了一个,关于你可以用什么来做计算的暗示,实际上如果你思考,这个列表一会儿的话,你会问我可以用？
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But out of the box, you generally just get these so-called "primitives."
但是立即可以用的，我们通常只有这些所谓的“基本数据类型“
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You can take a problem that might be relatively intuitive to solve but when you scale this thing up as is increasingly the case in the web, in large data systems, and so forth, you actually have to now think smart, you actually have to think efficiently and you have to solve this problem effectively.
你可以把一个问题用比较直观的方法解决,但如果你把此类问题的数量增大,正如越来越多的互联网，和大规模数据系统中出现的问题等等,你应该考虑怎样才能更简便，怎样才能更高效,你应该用行之有效的方法处理问题。
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You can see the different points-- I've calculated this using data from 1983 until 2006-- and I computed all of the inputs to those equations that we just saw.
你可以观察不同的点-,我用从1983年到2006年的数据-,代入我们刚教授的等式,进行了计算。
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You try to design actually I'm going to come back to that in a second. It's like you're trying to use a hash function that spread things out pretty evenly. But the places you store into in those lists may have to themselves have a small list in there, and when you go to check something, you may have to do a linear search through the elements in that list.
你尝试着去设计,实际上过会儿我会回头讲解这个问题,类似于你需要用一个哈希函数,非常平均的将物体分发出去,但是在列表中你数据,映射到的地方可能会有自己的一小段列表，当你回头查找数据的时候,你可能需要在那一小段列表中做线性查找。
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That's what I got using this sample period.
这就是用这个取样期间的数据得出的结果。
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And so this is why in problem set 5 last year when I took photographs on campus with a compact flash card, just standard consumer media and I accidentally formatted that compact flash card, I only lost the first few kilobytes, the first few thousand bits on that compact flash card.
这也是去年的套题5中,我们在校园里面用配有，简易闪存卡的标准摄像机拍照片,我不小心格式化了这个简易闪存卡,其实我只是丢失的最开头的几千个字节的数据。
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I was using only from 1983 to the present.
我用的数据只是从1983年到现在。
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And it's a topic I want to pick up on today, we're going to do for the next few lectures, and it's a topic I want to spend some time on because this idea of capturing data and methods, the term we're going to use for it, but data and functions that belong to that data, things that can be used to manipulate them, is a really powerful one.
我们会在今天讲这个话题,在后面几节课还会讲这个,这是个我愿意花点时间，在上面的话题因为这是个,捕获数据和方法的思想,我们用这个术语来形容它，数据中包括了数据和函数等，能用来操作它们的东西,真的是很强大的工具，我们真正要讲的东西是，我们要学会如何把信息。
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I don't find that my analysis is profound in the final answer, I just took some estimates using my data and, again, we could-- if someone wanted to argue with us they could argue with my estimates of the expected returns of the standard deviations and the covariances, but not with this theory.
我在计算过程中并没有做太深入的分析，我只是用我的数据做了一下大概的估计,我再说一次，我们可以-,如果有人想就这个问题与我们争辩,他们可以争论我对期望收益的估计,或是争论标准差和协方差的估计值，但并不会针对理论本身。
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Rather than show it to you though first in chart form, I thought I would show it to you in CS50 program style.
我不想用最初你们想到的图表形式，而是通过CS50的程序风格来展示这些数据。
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Now I'm putting count in double quotes, not to make it a string, but to say, this is count generically. It could be counting one by one through the integers, it could also be taking a collection of data and going through them one by one. It could be doing counting in some other mechanism.
现在我把count用双引号标起来，不是说把它命名为一个字符串，而是说，这是一个通用的计数器,它可能是每一次减1的整数,也可能是拿一个集合的数据然后,一个一个的访问它们,也可能是以某种机制来计数。
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So you have these at your disposal.
所以说你在处理数据的时候可以用这些常数。
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Now there's a lot of variation in that: men would be different from women, taller more then shorter, all that sort of thing, but nonetheless let's just use that as a reference.
当然随情况会有不同变化,男人需要的比女人多,高的比矮的多,像这类情况,但我们用这数据做个参考
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In the case of Burt Malkiel's data, more than 11% per year and in the case of Roger Ibbotson's data between 7% and 8% per year of those returns can be explained either by backfill bias or survivorship bias.
在伯特·麦基尔的数据中,超过11%的年平均收益,在罗杰·伊博森的数据中,7%到8%的年平均收益,可以用生存偏差或回填偏差来解释
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And with this data, where students were able ; to implement last year their own E-trade-like website; whereby you have accounts and you log in your hand age of your users 10,000 virtual dollars and with them can they get stock quotes, by stocks, sell stocks and the like, all of this accomplished just after a few weeks time.
通过这些数据,学生们就可以做出类似电子商务的网站;,只要你有账号就能进入你的账户,里面有1万的虚拟美元,这样你就能去查询股票报价,进行买卖股票之类的事,这一切仅仅用了几个星期的时间就完成。
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