OK, so what we have to do is get back underneath this reaction, and see what the molar quantities are.
我们应该做的是,再回到这个反应,看看摩尔量是多少。
I'm going to write it like this three moles of hydrogen which is a gas one bar 100 degrees Celsius.
我会写成这样:,三摩尔氢分子,气体,1巴,100摄氏度。
If you divide the two of them through you will get 6.02 times 10 to the plus 23 per mole.
如果你除以他们两个,你会得到6。02*10^摩尔。
So, what we get for the disassociation energy for a hydrogen atom is 424 kilojoules per mole.
因此,我们就得到了氢原子,离解能的大小为,424,千焦每摩尔。
Oh, MaCalester where I was, it competed with Swarthmore in that case.
哦,麦卡利斯特,我曾经在那儿过,那时它和斯莫斯摩尔打过比赛。
pV=RT dT here because the pressure is constant, dV=RdT/p so dV is equal to R over p dT.
因为对1摩尔气体有,于是。
It is joules per atom. Or, if you multiply by Avogadro's number then you will get joules per mole.
焦耳每个原子,或者,如果乘以,阿伏伽德罗常数你会得到焦耳数每摩尔。
I'm not going to writegiven threemoles of hydrogen at one bar and three degrees, blah,bla I'm going to write it in a compact notation.
我不会写“给定1巴和多少度下,的三摩尔氢分子之类,我会把它写成一个紧凑的形式。
So the temperature is intensive, and you can make intensive properties out of the extensive properties by dividing by the numberof moles in the system.
所以温度是强度量,你可以通过,除以系统中物质的摩尔数,来从广延量中导出强度量。
So we know what that number would be, it would be negative 424 kilojoules per mole that we see here.
我们知道它的值是多少,它就是我们在这见到过的负,424,千焦每摩尔。
So, if I look at the mole ratios on the reaction over there I'm going to find that I'll be able to consume, at most, 1,029 over two, right?
所以,注意反应的摩尔比,我们会发现,1029摩尔的镁能被消耗,对吧?
If you have the number of moles and two intensive variables, then you know everything there is to know about the system.
如果你有摩尔数,和两个强度量,你就能知道关于这个系统的一切,关于系统的平衡态的一切。
Here just two, so we changed the number of moles of gas by three. All right, how much did it matter, right?
所以我们将气体的摩尔数,改变了3摩尔,好,它会起多大作用?
So, let's compare this to the energy of the h 2 molecule, and we find that that's negative 3,048 kilojoules per mole.
那么,让我们将它与氢分子的能量比一比,我们发现氢分子的能量是负的,3048,千焦每摩尔。
How many moles of gas are there in each case, in reactants and products? If that changes, of course you know that the pressure in there is going to change at constant volume if the amount of gas in there is changing.
在反应物和生成物中,各有多少摩尔的气体?,如果它发生了变化,当然在等体条件下,如果气体的总量,发生了变化,压强也会发生变化。
And it's, again it's a macroscopic pretty big thing so typical might be 10 kilojoules per Kelvin, and that's pretty big, right?
相当大的数值,典型值大概,是10kJ/K,它相当大,对吧?,注意这里不是每摩尔?
This is much less that two times 1,054, so therefore mag is the limiting reagent.
054摩尔,远比两倍要少,镁是极限反应物。
You just need a few macroscopic variables that are very familiar to you, like the pressure, the temperature, the volume, the number of moles of each component, the mass of the system.
你只需要某些你非常熟悉的宏观变量,比如压强,温度,体积,每个组分的摩尔数,系统的质量。
And this turns out to have a bond strength of 435 kilojoules per mole.
这证明有每摩尔435焦的,的共价能。
And the change in energy for this reaction is negative 349 kilojoules per mole.
然后得到这个过程的能量变化为,负的,349,千焦每摩尔。
We invoke Dalton's Law of molar proportions, we write it subject to conservation of mass.
我们援引了摩尔分数的道尔顿定律,要服从质量守恒定律。
So I can make a quantity that I'll call V bar, which is the molar volume, the volume of one mole of a component in my system, and that becomes an intensive quantity.
所以我可以定义,一个叫做一横的量,这是摩尔体积系统中,一摩尔某种组分的体积,它就变成了。
Essentially we're not going to see this, it's 9 kilojoules per mole.
本质上我们不会看到它,它等于9千焦每摩尔。
This will be the definition of the mole as the amount of carbon weighing exactly 12 grams, so I would like to know now how many particles, how many carbons are there in that mole.
摩尔的定义就是,12克的碳的数量,我想知道有多少粒子,一摩尔会有多少碳粒子。
Two moles of mag consume one mole of tickle, giving us one mole of Ti, and that's 515 moles of tickle consumed.
两摩尔的镁消耗一摩尔的四氯化钛,得到一摩尔钛,也就是说需要消耗掉515摩尔的四氯化钛。
So, you do this measurement, you measure with the gas, you measure the pressure and the molar volume.
现在让压强趋于,现在测量气体的压强,和摩尔体积。
And, just to show some of the hidden balance here, 1 here we have one mole. I don't put a one in front.
这儿有一些隐藏的平衡,比如说这个1摩尔,我并没有在前面写了一个。
Yeah, they're different but they are roughly on the order of about 1 MJ per mole.
是的,它们是不同的但它们大致上,都是一摩尔一兆焦耳。
The volumes per mole of that stuff.
每摩尔物质的体积。
This is coulombs per charge and this is coulombs per mole.
这是每电荷库伦,这是每摩尔库伦。
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