When they created margin rules that the seller had to be borrowing against securities. Just made more money when securities went up more value.

当我们发明保证金制度,卖空证券时需要交担保金,证券升值时能赚到更多钱。

斯坦福公开课 - 经济学课程节选

In other words, securities that were themselves backed by subprime loans.

所谓次级债券,就是那些靠次级贷款担保的证券

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

We did have a large,short position in subprime mortgage-backed securities, which has paid off enormously for the University and really helped protect assets in the past nine months or a year.

我们确实曾持有很多,次级抵押担保证券的空头,它们为耶鲁赚了不少钱,并且在过去的9个月或1年间,为资产保值发挥了实在的作用

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

An SIV is a company of a sort that invests in assets and they issue something like asset-backed commercial paper, but it's not a real company because it only exists as an organization sponsored by some bank.

IV类似从事资产投资的公司,同时也发行类似资产担保商业票据的证券,但它不是一家真正的公司,因为它只是由某家银行建立的一个组织

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选