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In other words, it was written directly in the aftermath of a bombshell published by Leon Trotsky called Literature and Revolution in 1926.
也就是说，它是针对,1926年列夫托洛斯基发表的引起轰动的,文学与革命，而写的。
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It's a poem deeply invested in the tradition of pastoral poetry, pastoral poetry from Theocritus and Virgil onward.
这是一首深深植根于从忒俄克里托斯和维吉尔时代，不断发展而来的田园诗的传统中的诗。
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Trotsky is not simple-minded in his literary taste, and he doesn't just sort of spontaneously insist that everybody has to write socialist realism.
列夫，托洛斯基的文学品味并不单一，他也不要求每人都必须,按以社会主义现实主义写作。
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Political philosophy is the oldest of the social sciences and it can boast a wealth of heavy hitters from Plato and Aristotle to Machiavelli Hobbes Hegel Tocqueville Nietzsche and so on.
政治哲学是社会科学中,最古老的学科,且会触及大量重棒人物,从柏拉图，亚里士多德到马奇亚维利，贺伯斯,及黑格尔，托克维尔，尼采等人。
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Trotsky's Literature and Revolution is a brilliant book, an attack on many things and a defense of certain other things, but in particular and very painfully an attack on the formalists.
列夫，托洛斯基的文学与革命非常精彩，它攻击了许多当时的理论，同时也维护了一些，但是它特别猛烈地攻击了形式主义者。
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One of the motives for his selection of this genre, the pastoral genre, is the tradition -and it's a tradition that goes all the way back to Theocritus and Virgil -that associates shepherds with poets.
他选择这个流派的动力之一，就是田园诗是一种传统,是一种可以追溯到忒俄克里托斯和维吉尔时代的传统,它把牧羊人和诗人紧密相连。
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The pastoral genre in fact even for Theocritus, its inventor, was always highly artificial.
甚至对于忒奥克里托斯，它的创始者来说，田园诗，也一直都是人工雕凿的。
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or nymphs and satyrs than you or I know and later urban poets - and Theocritus was an urban poet -later urban poets like Virgil or Milton knew even less than Theocritus, we have to assume.
的森林之神），忒奥克里托斯知道的不比你我或是后来的,都市诗人多--忒奥克里托斯就是个都市诗人,-后来的都市诗人像维吉尔和弥尔顿,我们得假定，对这些知道的就比忒奥克里托斯还少了。
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Nevertheless, Trotsky's book is a provocation.
但是托洛斯基的书是一个挑衅。
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It engages the ancient art of pastoral poetry initiated and made famous by the great Greek poet Theocritus, which was later imitated by Moscus and then finally by the Roman poet Virgil in his celebrated pastoral eclogues.
它沿用了古老的田园诗艺术,田园文学是由希腊伟大诗人忒奥克里托斯创始并发扬开来的，后来为摩斯科斯所模仿，最终,罗马诗人维吉尔的著名田园诗也是模仿的此诗体。
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In the meantime, Trotsky's book is a shot fired across the bow of those forms of "aestheticism"--quote, unquote -which can be understood as self-involved, self-preoccupied, and indifferent to history and class struggle.
同时，托洛斯基的攻击唯美主义,他这样评价，它,唯美主义可以被理解为一种纯粹的自我欣赏，漠视历史和阶级斗争。
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It's a challenge, and Eikhenbaum's essay that you read for today is in part--to a degree that it can't really come out and talk about, or doesn't want to come out and talk about it a response to Trotsky's book.
而艾肯鲍姆在论文中,却并没有回应托洛斯基的书，艾肯鲍姆并不想回应,不愿站出来回答。
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