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So that when he says that citizens are held together by ties of common affection he means something very specific.
所以当他们说到公民是由,共同感情的关系所团结在一起,他所指的是非常明确的东西。
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So what is actually going to matter is how closely that electron can penetrate to the nucleus, and what I mean by penetrate to the nucleus is is there probability density a decent amount that's very close to the nucleus.
所以实际上有关系的是,电子可以穿越至原子核有多近,我所指的穿越至原子核是,这里有一定数量的概率密度,可以距离原子核非常近。
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So that what's new in Saussure's thinking about the relationship between signified and signifier is that the sign tied up in this relationship is both arbitrary and differential.
这就是索绪尔所贡献的了,能指和所指的关系,也就是符号的组成方式,是任意的，有差别的。
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Only a third party in this case law is capable of judging adequately.
可以看管所有的事务，只有第三方,这里所指的是法律能够有充足的判断。
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All we mean here is logically possible.
我这里所指的,都是指逻辑上的可能性
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In order to answer that question, which will decide Locke's fit with the libertarian view, we need to look closely at what legitimate government looks like for Locke, and we turn to that next time.
为了回答这个问题，即确定洛克到底是否自由主义盟友，我们得进一步研究洛克所指的合法政府是什么，下次再继续这个话题。
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I'm using the term mythology now the way we used it in the last lecture when we were talking about Kaufman's work.
我这里说的神话与上一节课中所指是同一个意思,就在我们讨论Kaufman的作品时。
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He's referring to the Tyranny of the Thirty that existed after the Athenian defeat.
他所指的是三十暴君,成立于雅典兵败之后。
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the signified-signifier relationship, as I said, is arbitrary.
所指和能指的关系，就如我刚才说的，是任意的。
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What does he mean by the all here? The Greeks?
但谁是这些人？他在这儿所指的“所有？
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Don't get hung up on what does the English word invisible mean, Let's just ask oursleves what notion of invisibility, if you'll use the word you know, between these three ways, what notion did Socrates' arguement turn on.
不要专注于,无形这个词到底是什么意思，我们就问问自己,无形这个概念，如果这个词可以，有这三种解读方法，苏格拉底所指的到底是哪个。
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In other words, Freud, Sophocles, all of the other versions I have at my disposal, have equal merit as versions, but none of them is a transcendental signified, none of them is a blanket term, and none of them is the causal explanation or meaning of the myth.
换句话说，弗洛伊德，索福克勒斯，还有所有其它供我使用的版本，都用同样的优点，但它们中没有一个是超验所指，没有一个是概括性话语，没有一个是神话的随意解释或意义。
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A sign, in other words, is made up of two sides in, as it were, a thought moment: a relationship between that which is signified and that which signifiesit.
所以，一个符号是由两面组成的，想一想，能指和所指,的关系。
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Deconstruction calls into question the distinction between language and thought in calling into question the distinction between signifier and signified, even though, as Derrida says, it can't do without a Saussurian vocabulary.
解构主义怀疑,语言和思想的区别，其方式是,怀疑能指和所指之间的区别，尽管如此，正如德里达所说没有索绪尔词汇也是不行的。
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He is referring to his relatives, men like Critias and Charmides, who turned Athenian politics into a tyranny and, which he says, " makes the"democracy look like a golden age."
他所指的是他的亲戚，诸如，Critias，和Charmides，等，将雅典政治转成专制的人，所以他才说，他们让，“民主看起来像是进入了全盛期“
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