But because of those discoveries, we are now in a position to appreciate the monumental achievements of these early civilizations, these earliest civilizations.
由于那些考古发现,我们现在才能欣赏到,那些早期文明的不朽成就,最早的文明。
We've looked at Milton's earliest poem, or what Milton wants us to think of as his earliest poem, from a couple of different perspectives.
我们已经看了弥尔顿最早期的诗歌,或者说弥尔顿希望我们认为是他最早的诗,从一些不同的角度。
And there are lots of solutions that chemists come up with -- there's always new techniques that allow us to do this, and these are just some of the first, and we'll go through them in a little bit of detail here.
的情况下研究或者发现它们,化学家们想出了很多的办法,人们发明新的技术来实现它,这些是最早遇到的一些问题,我们要稍微来,研究下它们的细节。
Nevertheless, our knowledge of the earliest stages of human civilization was quite limited for many centuries.
然而,几个世纪以来,我们对人类最早时期文明,的认知是很有限的。
And we have been fighiting at where we had no need to fight, at least initially, in Iraq.
同时我们还在,不该去的地方发起了进攻,至少,最早在伊拉克时是这种情形。
So, this evidence is very possible to see in diametrically opposed ways, and you're certainly not the first two students that I've seen have those two different reactions to the same thing.
所以,我们非常可能要从完全不同的角度来看待这些了,你们两个不是最早对这个问题,有两种不同看法的学生了。
That is true of all of human societies that we know anything about down to the earliest possible exception, I suppose; well, it depends what you think is earliest.
确实,在所有我们了解到的,人类社会中,我想"最早的"可能除外,当然,这取决于你是怎么理解"最早的"
So musical notation: the first grid pattern in Western culture-- but it does lock us in in interesting ways that we may-- you perhaps have never considered-- compared to how music is made in other cultures.
因此音乐记谱法,是西方文化中最早的网格图示,但这也限制了我们以某种有趣的方式,你们也许从来没有想过的方式创作,相对其他文化中音乐创作的过程而言
Some of the most open exercises of states' rights, of course, before the 1850s, were conducted by Northerners, like in the Hartford Convention of 1814, like in personal liberty laws that we'll come to a bit later.
州政府最早开始尝试行使权力,还是在十九世纪五十年代之前,由北方人主导的,就像1814年的哈特福德公约,就像我们马上要说到的个人自由法
There's a lot of engineering that we've already talked about in terms of producing quantities of the vaccine, producing it reliably, producing it safe, distributing it, and keeping track requires a level of sophistication that maybe you wouldn't have thought about initially.
我们已经讲过很多工程方面的内容,比如大批量制造疫苗,制造可靠的疫苗,制造安全的疫苗,分派发放疫苗,以及一个完善的随访监测系统,你们最早可能没有想过这些冬夜
My friends in Britain, and of courese, Britain is our oldest, one of, it's not our oldest ally but it's certainly one of our closed allies.
我在英国的朋友,当然,英国是我们最早,不,它不是我们最早的同盟国,但它是我们最紧密的同盟。
Because it's the earliest that we have.
因为那是我们所知道的最早确定时间。
I can get this to show us how far up we are supposed to go, by placing it on some kind of grid here," and this is this--as I said before, the beginning of the first graph in the history of the West.
我可以通过将它放置在这样的网格中,来表明我们的声音应该有多高,而这就是,正如我以前所说,西方历史上最早的图示法
We don't, of course, have any original copies of these materials as they came off the pen of whoever it was who was writing them, and in fact before the middle of the twentieth century, our oldest manuscripts and fragments of manuscripts of the Bible dated to the year 900.
我们当然没有任何最早时期那些笔者的,手稿,而且事实上,在20世纪中期之前我们有的最古老的手稿,和手稿碎片都是公元900年时候的。
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