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When Yeats aestheticizes the political, he makes it moving, moving in the literal sense of, I think, emotionally engaging and cathartic.
叶芝将政治艺术化时，他使之变得感人，在文字上很感人，我想它使人情绪感染，灵魂净化。
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But vaccines, and particularly in the last hundred years, vaccines have been one of the most important elements in our progress.
但是疫苗,尤其是在近一百年来,疫苗已经成为,感染性疾病防治进程中最重要的一环
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Now if you smiled to-- or make three people smile, and these three people-- each one makes three other people smile.
如果你的笑-,感染了三个人，这三个人-,每个人又引起另外三人发笑。
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The idea being if I find a pattern across multiple people's computers maybe all of those people are infected with the same kind of malware or virus or worm.
如果我从不同人的计算机中发现了一个模型,这就说明,所有那些人的计算机都感染了相同的,恶意软件，病毒或蠕虫。
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And so you can see the pneumonia, tuberculosis, the communicable diseases, infectious diseases, for the most part, are taking the most lives at that point.
你可以看到肺炎,肺结核,传染病,感染性疾病,是夺走大多数人生命的主要原因
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With a lot of morally intuitive appeal, Bentham's idea is the following, the right thing to do; the just thing to do is to maximize utility.
充满了道德上的直观感染力，其观点如下，正确的选择，公正的选择,就是最大化功利。
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Laughter could be viewed as a form of involuntary noisemaking and it's contagious.
我们可以把笑声视为不由自主地发出的声音,然后笑声有感染性。
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In contrast today, because we have antibiotics and we have vaccines, people don't die of infectious diseases as often.
相反,在现在,因为我们有了抗生素和疫苗,死于感染性疾病的人就不像以前那么多
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The last reported case of smallpox in the-- naturally occurring smallpox, was in 1977, a man in Somalia was infected.
最后一例天花报告,自然产生的天花,是在一九七七年,一个索马里人感染了
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You would first get exposed in children-- in childhood and then at a point when you're susceptible to the disease.
在儿童期这个较容易受病毒感染时期,第一次接触该病毒,就会引起发病
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The kinds of viruses that we get when we have colds are very good at infecting the respiratory system.
我们感冒时感染的各种感冒病毒,就非常精于感染呼吸系统
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That's important, too, because you need to be able to tell if the virus is present in the human population.
这一点也非常重要,因为你要能够分辨出,人群中是否有人感染了天花病毒
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You get a vaccine for chicken pox, it gets injected, and sometime later you're going to be protected against it.
当你拿到水痘疫苗,并注射入体内后,一段时间之后,你就可以免于感染
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Hepatitis is a virus that specifically affects the liver, so viruses are often specific to certain kinds of cells.
肝炎病毒就可以特异性的感染肝细胞,因病毒通常都有细胞特异性
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AIDS is a tremendous problem, deaths from HIV infection and AIDS a tremendous problem in Africa and other parts of the world.
艾滋病是一个巨大的问题,在非洲和世界其他地方,艾滋病毒感染和艾滋病带来的死亡,是一个巨大的问题
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Separating our water supply from sewage and learning how to do wastewater treatment was a really important part of reducing infectious diseases.
把净水和污水分开,以及学会污水处理的方法,是减少感染性疾病传播方法中的重要部分
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So, they don't start killing all the cells in your respiratory system; they only kill the cells that are harboring the virus.
所以它们不会杀死所有呼吸系统内的细胞,只杀死那些被病毒感染的细胞
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So, I have a bacteria infection, stimulates my immune system, I start making antibodies that bind to an antigen specific to that bacteria.
所以 如果我被细菌感染了,我的免疫系统被激活,开始制造抗体,这些抗体结合到细菌特异性的抗原上
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Usually viruses have certain kinds of cells they want to infect or that they're capable of infecting.
通常病毒倾向于或者有能力,感染某些种类的细胞
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So, you're treating healthy people and you're trying to prevent them from getting a disease and you don't know who's going to get it.
所以,你处治的对象是健康人群,要使他们远离疾病,但你不知道谁会被感染
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That had a remarkable effect on reducing transmission of infectious diseases, in doctor's offices and hospitals.
这显著的减少了,在医生的办公室和医院内部,感染性疾病的传播
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So, Hepatitis is already infecting cells of their liver, their liver is actively making new virus.
乙肝病毒已经感染了他们的肝细胞,他们的肝脏正在迅速地产生新的病毒
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You infect them with the virus, and you let the cells, in culture, produce the virus.
再用病毒感染它们,使培养基中的细胞产生病毒
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Well, it turns out that we could not identify, at least at that point, a cell culture that would serve as a host for vaccinia.
然而我们还不能断定,至少这个时候无法断定,这些被感染的细胞就是牛痘病毒的宿主
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One is that you got to get the vaccine from cows, so you got to have an infected cow in order to produce the vaccine.
一是,你若要想从奶牛身上得到疫苗,那就得有一头奶牛感染病毒
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There's other viruses that infect cells of the brain, of the kidney, of the liver.
另外还有能感染脑细胞,肾细胞和肝细胞的病毒
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In contrast, if you look at a U.S.City, ten years ago in 1997 for example, then people still died but they didn't die predominantly from infectious diseases.
相反,我们看美国的城市,例如在十年前,即一九九七年,人们还是会死亡,但是最主要的死因不再是感染性疾病
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You want to give it to children because it's children that are susceptible, and that's where you would like the vaccine to be useful is in children.
你想把疫苗分发给孩子们,因为他们最易受到感染,同时你也希望,疫苗可以对孩子有效
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Now in some--in the chronic respiratory diseases there's some infection but most of the other things are caused by lifestyle or by other factors, not the infectious diseases.
如今一些,如慢性呼吸道疾病,有一些是传染所得,但大多数,都是生活方式或其他因素导致的,而不是感染性疾病
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Yeah, so you're asking, if for example, why do you need a booster of tetanus, because if I get exposed to tetanus wouldn't I have this rapid response?
所以你会问,举个例子来说,已经感染过破伤风杆菌的人,为什么仍然需要接种破伤风疫苗,身体不是应该马上对该病菌做出应答吗
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