As those doses were given you look at the prevalence of polio within the United States.

随着疫苗的使用,你可以看到全美小儿麻痹症

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In the Sabin vaccine, or the oral polio vaccine, now you have a non-virulent virus.

在沙宾疫苗,即口服小儿麻痹症疫苗中,存在非致病性病毒

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This was of great concern because the number of polio cases shouldn't go up as the vaccine is being even more actively distributed through the country, so what happened?

这个现象让人担心,因为小儿麻痹症的发生数量,不应该在疫苗全国范围内普及后,反而有所上升,那么到底发生了什么

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An oral polio vaccine was developed by a man named Sabin.

一个名叫萨宾的人研发出了,一种口服小儿麻痹症疫苗

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He produced an oral polio vaccine from an attenuated virus.

他利用减毒病毒制得口服小儿麻痹症疫苗

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Now, the polio vaccine that Salk produced was very effective, but it required a fairly large dose of the vaccine and it had to be injected into the arms of children.

索尔克生产的小儿麻痹症疫苗效果显著,但是,该疫苗的单支注射剂量非常大,而且必须通过小孩的手臂进行注射

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We want to talk about that same concept today in terms of polio, which is a vaccine that is both made and manufactured in a different way than the smallpox vaccine.

今天我们以小儿麻痹症为例继续讨论疫苗,脊髓灰质炎疫苗的研制与,大规模生产方式同天花疫苗截然不同

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Two is it gives you some sense for how concerned parents were about the risks of polio in the community and how much they wanted a vaccine to be developed, such that they gave permission for their children to enter into this trial.

第二是,它能让你了解,父母们对孩子,罹患小儿麻痹症的风险的关心程度,以及对疫苗的渴望程度,这使得他们同意让他们的孩子,参与到这种实验中

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选