You can't just start mass producing these drugs without paying a licensing fee."

你们不能就这样大规模生产,却不付任何专利费“

耶鲁公开课 - 公正课程节选

And so in the 1940s, a group of people led by Collier started to develop a large scale production method for making a reliable source of vaccinia virus.

在二十世纪四十年代,科利尔带领一群人开始研究,一种大规模的生产方法,这种方法能制得牛痘病毒的可靠来源

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

We want to talk about that same concept today in terms of polio, which is a vaccine that is both made and manufactured in a different way than the smallpox vaccine.

今天我们以小儿麻痹症为例继续讨论疫苗,脊髓灰质炎疫苗的研制与,大规模生产方式同天花疫苗截然不同

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Then, also emphasizing in the case of smallpox, how even after the scientific discovery was made, it took many, many decades for people to be able to produce the vaccine in large enough quantities and distribute it, so that you could think about making an impact on global prevalence of the disease.

同时重点就天花疫苗的发展展开了讨论,而即便当科学发现了天花病毒,仍然过了许多年,人类才能够,大规模生产并使用天花疫苗,由此你们可以了解到,在全球范围内,疫苗给天花以致命一击

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选