In practice, when firms try and have these agreements, which are not contracts, to try and produce joint monopoly output, what else goes wrong?

现实中,公司想要达成这样的协议,而非合同,想要维持垄断产量,还会遇到什么问题呢

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We know they can't sign a legal agreement, but let's take that off the table.

我们都知道不能签署违法合同,那就只能私底下签协议了

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Well, one thing that goes wrong is that suppose Coke and Pepsi were able to either to write a contract or whatever to sustain joint monopoly output at this high price, this price which is actually producing positive profits in the industry it is going to turn out, therefore the price is going to be above costs.

我来说吧,问题出在这里了,假设可口可乐和百事达成了协议,不管签的是协议还是合同,只要能通过协约维持垄断产出,通过制定高价来达到正的利润就行,这样价格是高于成本的

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The reason the mafia thrives in countries where it's hard to write legal contracts-- let's say some new parts of the former Soviet Union or some parts of Africa the reason the mafia thrives in those environments, is that it substitutes for the law and enforces both legal and illegal contracts.

黑恶势力在那些,书面协议不受保护国家不断壮大,比如前苏联新成员国 或者非洲,为什么黑恶势力在这些地方发展壮大,因为这是法律强制力的补充,它维系所有合同,不管是不是合法的

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