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The epic also explains and mirrors the rise of Babel as one of the great cities in the Ancient Near East.
史诗也解释并且映射了巴比伦王国的兴起,它是古代近东繁盛的城市之一。
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The martyrs in the Easter Rebellion of 1916 become ancient Irish warriors, and we'll talk about that next time.
916年复活节起义中的烈士6,化身为古代爱尔兰骑士，这个我们下次课再谈。
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Legally, that's correct, but you see cases in letters and all kinds of stuff from the Ancient World that women actually were more unofficially part of their husband's house.
法律上是这样的，但是从古代书信,及其他各类文献中发现,女子更像是丈夫家中的非正式成员。
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But this is a state, he believes, that has now been liberated or emancipated from Christian and classical conceptions of virtue.
但他相信，这个国家现在,已从基督与古代美德概念中,解放出来。
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I better say something about oil in the ancient world, so that you get a grip on what's going on here.
我最好说一下油在古代世界的地位,以便你能明白为什么会出售芳香油
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The worship practices of ancient Israel and Judah clearly resemble what we know of Canaanite and Ancient Near Eastern worship practices.
古代以色列和犹太崇拜仪式非常像,我们所知的迦南和古代近东的崇拜仪式。
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So Roman slavery and the freedom of that was actually one way that a few people in the Ancient World recognized some kind of social mobility, which was very rare in the Roman Empire.
所以罗马奴隶制以及奴隶释放制,被古代部分人认为是,某种社会阶级流动，在罗马帝国很少见。
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So if that was the reason they were included in the ancient world,it's not the reason they're still in now, because modern scholars don't believe the apostles actually wrote all of these texts in the New Testament.
如果那就是它们在古代被选上的原因,它不是现代人所认为的原因，因为现代学者认为,新约里的书并非全为使徒所写。
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There are of course, important ways in which Israel's use of the storm god motif diverges from that of other Ancient Near Eastern stories.
当然，犹太人对暴风之神主题的利用,和古代东方的故事，在很多方面有很大的不同。
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This role," he says, "was taught covertly by ancient writers. It was taught covertly by ancient writers," he says in chapter 18.
他说，这个角色是古代的作家们,秘密授予的，是古代的作家们,秘密授予的，他在第十八章中说。
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So barring that, nonetheless, what we see reminds us very much of these ancient Bronze Age early civilizations.
尽管如此,我们所看到的遗迹依旧,和古代的青铜时期的早期文明非常相似
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Interestingly, unlike most ancient sanctuaries, the Israelite sanctuary did not contain a statue of the deity.
有趣的是，和大多数古代神殿不同，以色列神殿里没有神的塑像。
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Now, Ancient Near Eastern suzerainty models also speak repeatedly of the vassal's love for the suzerain.
现在，近东古代的领主契约模式,也重复出现在奴隶对领主的赞美中。
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This idea may be rooted in the Ancient Near Eastern political sphere in which sovereigns would single out vassals for the status of special property; and in fact the word used is a word we do find in Exodus.
这个观点也许根植在古代近东的政治氛围中,统治者会将纳贡者独立出来放在特有财产的地位上,并且实际上用在这里的词是我们在,出埃及记中的看到的词语。
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So inspiration,contrary to modern assumptions was not the criteria you hear ancient people talk about.
所以与现代观点相反,神启性不是古代人的考虑标准。
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And finally, also associated with Israel's God, we have Ancient Near Eastern holy war traditions.
最后，这也与以色列上帝有关联，我们知道古代近东的圣战传统。
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Socrates, in other words, has broken the bond of tradition and traditional authority that holds the ancient city and the ancient family together.
苏格拉底，其实已经摧毁了,传统与传统权威间的联系,那可是维系古代城邦,与古代家庭的力量。
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But those basic structures are part of any kind of Greek city in the Ancient World.
这些基本结构,是古代希腊城市一部分。
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And this is part of what ancient religion was like, is that people were not exclusive.
古代宗教的特点之一，就是人们并不排外。
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That's very different from the Greeks, very different from other people in the Ancient Mediterranean.
这与希腊人非常不同，与其他古代地中海地区也不同。
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The first point worth noting about this, is that Aristotle did not simply assume slavery was natural, because it was practiced virtually everywhere in the ancient world.
第一点值得注意的是，亚里士多德并未,简单纯地假设奴役是自然的，只因奴役在古代的世界,四处可见。
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We have people inventing them, but even the ones that are invented aren't very helpful, because it's awfully hard to know how they did what they did.
有人试图还原古代战争,但是得出的结果并没有太大的意义,因为我们对此实在是知之甚少
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We know that because they also have a writing which we can read, and it speaks of it as well as the archeological remains that show destruction.
他们有文字,所以我们能了解这些内容,手稿和古代遗址一起,诠释了那场劫难
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This is actually part of propaganda culture of the Ancient World.
这其实也是古代的宣传文化之一。
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It's interesting,though, that some ancient people didn't think that.
然而有趣的是，有些古代人并不这么认为。
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Well, like the rest of the ancient world, Israel had a cultic system, and that cultic system featured a sanctuary: a sacred space with holy objects; sacred objects, where priests performed a variety of ritual acts.
和其他古代世界一样，以色列有一个宗教系统，圣所是这个系统的一个特色：,它是一个布满了神圣物体的地方，祭司会在这里举行一系列的仪式。
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And in the ancient world, the reason for this was that this very small rectangle--;it's about 150 miles long and 70 miles wide, about the size of Rhode Island--this very small rectangle lies on the way to anywhere worth going in the Ancient Near East.
在古代，战争的原因是,这小块矩形，长150公里，宽70公里，与罗德岛大小相当，这小块矩形处于要道,这条路通向古代近东的任何地区。
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But if we look at the society that emerges, this Dark Age society that emerges from the ancient world of Mycenae, what you have is a rare human experience.
如果我们仔细观察这渐渐浮出水面的社会,这个从古代迈锡尼文明浮现出来的,黑暗时代的社会,你会得到一些相当宝贵的经验
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