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You can do that by gently adding heat and making it basic, but you make the two DNA strands separate.
你可以通过逐渐加温并使之碱化的方法,使双链DNA解旋
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When it sees that sequence in a double stranded DNA it will bind there and it will cut.
当它在双链DNA中发现这个序列,就会与之结合并切割
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You put this chromosomal DNA or this DNA that you're interested in, double stranded into a test tube.
你把这个染色体DNA,或者你感兴趣的双链的DNA,放进一个试管
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The end result of transcription is not double stranded DNA, it's single stranded RNA where the RNA that's produced is called messenger RNA.
最终的转录产物并非双链的DNA,而是单链的RNA,称为信使RNA
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You first separated your DNA, let the primers bind, then turn on the enzyme, and it makes copies of each one of these.
首先解旋DNA双链,使引物结合,接着激活聚合酶,最终得到各链的复制产物
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It doesn't cut straight across the double stranded DNA but it cuts in this jagged fashion.
它不直接横切双链DNA,而是留下一个锯齿形切口
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The DNA molecule here has been spread apart, opening up two single stranded DNA's which have complementary base sequences because they were double stranded DNA.
这里DNA分子被分开,形成两条单链DNA,这两条单链碱基序列互补,因为它们是由双链DNA解旋形成的
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I'm going to start by talking about a very specific and interesting form of double stranded DNA called a plasmid and plasmids occur in nature.
我要从一种十分特殊,并有趣的双链DNA开始,这种双链DNA被称为质粒,它在自然界就存在
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It exists in a double stranded form where every strand is matched by its complement.
这种碱基配对存在于DNA双链中,每条单链都与其互补链,通过这个原则配对组合
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The result of this process if this replication went down the whole length of the DNA would be to form two identical, double stranded DNA molecules.
如果复制过程在整条链上持续进行的话,将生成两条完全一样的,双链DNA分子
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Now, in your book, there's an example of plasmid where I've given you the exact sequence of nucleotides that makes up the whole double stranded DNA molecule.
现在在你们书里,有个质粒样本,我将组成这个双链DNA分子的,核苷酸序列写在这里了
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That only strands that have this exact complement can form double stranded DNA.
这表示只有两条链的碱基对,完全互补才能形成DNA双链
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If I took two double stranded DNA molecules and I exposed them to certain conditions that caused them to denature, that means its native structure falls apart.
假如我把两条DNA双链,放在特定的条件下,使它们变性,变性表示使它们的原始结构分开
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It has to do with the nature of this complementary binding between double stranded DNA and the fidelity of this base pair matching in forming stable DNA molecules.
这些特性能从根本上解释,为何DNA双链的碱基能互补配对,以及在形成稳定的DNA分子结构时,碱基互补配对为何具有一致性
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That tells you something about the physical chemistry of the molecule; that it's these hydrogen bonds that hold the double strands and I can break those down under certain conditions.
我们从中可以知道一些,DNA分子的理化特点,双链是由氢键连接在一起,在一定条件下这些氢键可以断裂
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When they separate, the primers that you've added automatically bind through the process of hybridization, and then you turn up the temperature to the optimum for Taq polymerase and DNA synthesis starts.
当双链解旋后,加入的引物就会在杂交的步骤中自动,和解旋后的DNA结合,然后你再将温度升高至,Taq酶的最适温度,DNA就开始合成了
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Remember we talked about how DNA replicates itself and that there are enzymes, DNA polymerase that bind to the double stranded DNA, separate it, denature it locally, and then start the process of replication.
请记住DNA复制必须有酶的参与,DNA聚合酶结合在双链DNA上,打开双链并原位变性,然后才开始复制
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The first step is to take the DNA fragments that we're interested in and put them into this vector by basically cutting open the double stranded DNA and inserting the gene that we like in the region where we've cut.
第一步是把我们感兴趣的DNA片段,整合到这个载体里,基本的方法是切开质粒这个双链DNA,把我们想要的基因插入切开的区域
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It operates in a similar fashion to DNA polymerase in that it denatures locally or opens up the double stranded DNA, but it's different in that it creates a new polymer from the DNA template in the language of RNA, using RNA nucleotides and not DNA nucleotides.
它的作用机制类似于DNA聚合酶,在局部使DNA双链变性,解旋,但不同的是,它合成了一个基于DNA模板的,使用RNA编码语言的新聚合物,即使用核糖核苷而非脱氧核糖核苷
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The native structure is this double stranded structure here and if I heat it up slightly and I add some base, so under slightly basic conditions, these molecules will fall apart because you've created conditions where the hydrogen bonding is no longer favorable so they peel apart.
原始结构,在这里就是指DNA双链,如果我稍微加热,并且加入一些碱,在弱碱性的条件下,这些配对碱基会分开,这是因为在一定条件下,碱基对之间的氢键,不再稳定并且会断裂分开
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If I had a beaker sitting on the table here and it contained a million blue double stranded DNA molecules and a million red double stranded DNA molecules and I heated it up and added a little base, I'd soon have four million individual strands just floating around in the solution because I've broken up this hydrogen bonding and the DNA molecules fall apart.
假如我这里有一个烧杯 里面,盛有一百万条蓝色DNA双链和,一百万条红色DNA双链,然后我稍微加热一下烧杯,并且加一些碱,很快我就有了四百万条DNA单链,漂浮在溶液里,因为我已经使得氢键断裂,DNA双链也随之打开
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