You do it so quickly that the heat flow between the inside of the bicycle pump and the outside is too slow compared to the speed at which you compress.

我们用力很大,于是压缩得很快,打气筒内外热传递的速度,与之相比要慢得多。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

We call that inversion because on one side you end up cooling if you compress.

因为在这个温度的一边,当你压缩气体时气体降温。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

I'm not sure it does compress the range.

但是我不太确定这是否压缩了范围

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Therefore, it'll compress by an unknown x, which is equal to mg divided by the force constant of the spring.

因此它的压缩量为 x,也就等于 mg 除以弹簧的弹性系数

耶鲁公开课 - 基础物理课程节选

And on the other side of that temperature you end up heating if you compress.

而在另一边的温度上,压缩气体将导致升温。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

This equation is telling you if you compress it, namely if x is negative, F will be then positive, because it's pushing you outwards.

这个方程告诉我们,如果压缩弹簧,即令 x 为负,F 就为正,因为推力的方向向外

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But you don't compress it so quickly that you're not in there reversible process so you compress that if you were to feel the temperature of the air and you can feel it through the nozzle gives you an idea of the temperature of the air inside your bicycle pump.

但是压缩速度,也不能太快,否则就不是,可逆过程了,这样当压缩气体时,从喷嘴可以感受到,内部气体的温度。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

It also tells you that if you compress the spring, compress it means x is now-- x is measured from this position, where the spring is neither compressed nor expanded.

它还能告诉你,如果压缩弹簧,压缩就意味着现在 x...,x 是从这个位置开始算的,在这个位置弹簧既没有压缩也没有伸长

耶鲁公开课 - 基础物理课程节选