Imagine a world in which Kagan exists, but Shelly doesn't exist, because nobody in the world is named Shelly.

想象在一个世界里卡根存在,而薛立不存在,因为这个世界里面没人叫薛立

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

And so if you've imagined Shelly existing then of course you're imagining that single thing, Shelly Kagan, existing.

所以如果想象了薛立存在,那么当然你也就想象了那一个东西,薛立·卡根存在

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

Okay. So that's Richard Strauss's approach to death, not particularly relevant to you young people but for oldergentlemen such as Professor Kagan and myself we're getting close to that. Right, Don?

理查·施特劳斯的死亡与净化讲的是死亡,对你们年轻人可能有些距离,但对于我和卡根教授这些老绅士来说,我们离死亡越来越近,对吧,先生

耶鲁公开课 - 聆听音乐课程节选

And if you imagine Kagan not existing, then you're imagining that single thing, Shelly Kagan, not existing.

如果你想像卡根不存在,那么你也就是在想象那个唯一的东西,薛立·卡根不存在

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

We can easily imagine a world in which I don't have the last name Kagan or perhaps to switch it around, Shelly's not my name.

我们可以容易地想象一个世界里,我不姓卡根或者,反过来,我不叫薛立

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

If the physicalist is right, then here's another physical object for you... me, Shelly Kagan.

假如物理主义是对的,那么给你们再举一个物理对象的例子,我,雪莱·卡根

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

So you can't even imagine a world in which Shelly exists but Kagan doesn't.

所以你甚至无法想象在一个世界里,薛立存在而卡根不存在

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

Because of course, they're just a single thing, Shelly Kagan.

因为很明显,它们是一个东西 薛立·卡根

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

Look. Suppose we try to imagine a world in which Shelly exists but Kagan doesn't.

设想在某个世界里面,薛立存在而卡根不存在

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

And that you can't do, because in the real world of course Shelly and Kagan pick out just two different names of this very same thing.

你不可能做到,因为在现实世界里,薛立和卡根指的是,同一个东西的两个不同名字

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

So imagining a world in which Shelly exists but Kagan doesn't or Kagan exists but Shelly doesn't, that's trying to imagine a world in which I exist but I don't.

所以想象在一个世界里薛立存在,而卡根不存在或者卡根存在而薛立不存在,这就像是要想象在一个世界里,我存在而我不存在

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

It's rather, "Can you imagine a world in which the very thing that you really are picking out when you refer to me by the name Shelly-- namely this thing-- can you imagine a world in which that thing exists, but the thing that you're picking up when you use the word Kagan does not exist?"

而是在于,你能不能想象在一个世界里,你用薛立这个名字,指的那个人,也就是这个东西,你能不能想象在一个世界里某个东西存在,而你用卡根这个词,所指的这个东西却不存在

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选