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Remember that this molecule, let's look at the blue one wouldn't be the same if I turned it upside down.
让我们记住,如果我把蓝色的,单链倒过来,那么这条链和原来不一样了
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The other chain is facing in the other direction, the 3' carbon is up, the 5' carbon is down.
对面的那条单链方向相反,3'位的碳原子向上,5'位的碳原子向下
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But they will do that in a very particular way, in that only strands that exactly match will be able to reform their native structure.
但是双链的形成也不是随意的,只有完全互补的单链之间,才成重新恢复到它们原先的结构
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When it cuts it leaves sticky ends or un-base paired single stranded regions on each end of the part its cut and that's just a property of many restriction enzymes; not all, some cut blunt,just right down the middle.
它切割后会留下两个粘性末端,或者未配对的单链部分,这是许多限制性内切酶的特性,但不是全部,有些限制性内切酶是从中间钝切的
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The end result of transcription is not double stranded DNA, it's single stranded RNA where the RNA that's produced is called messenger RNA.
最终的转录产物并非双链的DNA,而是单链的RNA,称为信使RNA
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A new single stranded DNA is formed on each one of these open single strands.
对两条打开的单链进行复制,会生成两条新的DNA单链
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So DNA is replicated using one strand of the DNA as a template.
所以DNA复制是以DNA单链为模板的
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Hybridization simply means that DNA will re-nature and form a stable double helix only with its particular match, only with the hybrid that it is perfectly complementary, too.
核酸分子杂交表示,DNA在变性状态下可以恢复活性,和与其配对的单链形成稳定的双螺旋结构,只有在完全配对时才会发生这种情况
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It's very important in the biological operation of human cells and that step is RNA splicing, or processing of this RNA, single stranded RNA that's produced by transcription.
而这对人类细胞生物运作至关重要,这个步骤就是RNA剪接,或者说是对RNA的加工,对转录出的单链RNA进行加工的步骤
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The corresponding half of the ladder that corresponds to any given ladder, let's say the black DNA molecule that corresponds to the blue one is not just a mirror image.
与任何单链配对的,另一条单链,比方说与蓝色DNA分子,配对的黑色DNA分子,并不是蓝色DNA分子的镜像
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It turns out that we can do that now because we have an enzyme called reverse transcriptase, which is able to take single stranded messenger RNA and make DNA out of it.
我们现在已经可以做到这一点了,因为我们有了反转录酶,反转录酶可以用,单链的mRNA创造出DNA
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When it's double stranded this gene can't be translated, because you have to have the single strand in order for the transfer RNA to bind and for this process of translation to take place.
当基因处于双链结构状态时,是不能进行翻译的,因为必须把双链拆开得到单链,才能结合转运RNA并开始翻译过程
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Synthesis always occurs in one direction and that makes sense to you now because you know there's a directionality and the chemistry is different going one way than the other and this DNA polymerase only works on the chemistry going in one direction.
NA复制过程是单向的,现在你们该明白原因了,因为DNA单链有方向性,DNA在两个方向上化学性质不同,DNA聚合酶,只在一个方向上起作用
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