-
It is an electron beam. In the 1890s, the latter part of the 19th century a very fashionable word was "ray."
那是个电子束，在十九世纪九十年代，就是19世纪末,一个很时髦的词汇-“光线“
-
And in fact today, right now, we're going to move back the furthest we go, all the way into the nineteenth century to talk about the early Yeats.
实际上今天，现在，我们会回到很早的时候，直到十九世纪,来谈谈早期的叶芝。
-
By the 1830s,1840s, there were over 100 men in Charleston, South Carolina alone, making their livings full-time as slave traders.
到了十九世纪三四十年代,仅仅在南卡罗来纳的查尔斯顿地区,就有超过一百个,专职从事奴隶贸易的奴隶交易商
-
There was in the late 1860s a revival of republican and socialist organization, and of anarchist disorganization, if you will.
在十九世纪六十年代晚期,共和主义及社会主义组织,还有无政府主义组织有所复兴,如果你们愿意这么认为的话
-
In fact, he actually emphasized a concept that was first stated by a French philosopher Louis Blanc in the mid-nineteenth century.
事实上，他特别看重,一个由法国哲学家路易·勃朗,在十九世纪中期,率先提出的概念。
-
If you don't have the units, then if you say the answer is 19, then we don't know what it means.
如果没有的话,比如你的答案是十九,那我们就不知道这是什么意思
-
In other words, Buckle was the avatar of the notion in the late nineteenth century that everything was going to hell in a handbasket.
换言之，十九世纪后期有一种观念认为所有事物都在迅速恶化,而巴尔克则是这种观念的化身。
-
It's quite spectacular because here in the 1890s we have the apex of the Western classical orchestra, this big, beautiful, powerful instrument.
它之所以雄壮因为在十九世纪九十年代,西方古典管风琴正处于顶峰,这是一种巨大,美丽,有力量的乐器
-
They also found some stockpiles of the virus from the 1950s that they still had on an Army base in Maryland,I think.
政府也在马里兰军队驻地发现了,从十九世纪五十年代储存到现在的病毒
-
And after the periodic table was developed in the late 1800's, people didn't understand this quite as well, they took things a little more literally.
在十九世纪后期元素周期表经过发展之后，人们还没有很好地意识到这一点，他们的认识还有些粗浅。
-
So I would say the tradition goes back to the 18th century not even to the constitution.
我认为这个传统可以回溯到,十九世纪，甚至在宪法出现之前。
-
What percentage of Americans do you think worked on farms at the end of the nineteenth century?
你们认为在十九世纪末,大概有百分之多少的美国人在农场工作
-
Archaeologists in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries were stunned to find the ruins and the records of remarkable peoples and cultures--massive, complex empires in some cases, but some of which had completely disappeared from human memory.
十九和二十世纪的考古学家们,震惊地发现了,古代伟大名族和文化的遗迹，有些还是大规模，复杂的帝国遗迹,但也有一些就完全从人类记忆中消失了。
-
In the nineteenth century the Russian czars are still trying to get there as well.
直到十九世纪,沙皇仍然在想方设法争夺黑海
-
So this is really the first attempt, way back in the nineteenth century to study a market that's somewhere in the middle, where it happens most markets are there are two firms.
因此这就是它的第一个诱人之处,我们要回到十九世纪,去研究一个介于两者之间的市场,那个年代大多数市场都只有两家公司
-
I thought I would give you an example from the nineteenth century, which is very important, and again it's public finance.
我想给大家举个十九世纪的例子，很重要的一个案例，又是关于公共财政的。
-
They were the same size in the 1850s, but Brive gets the railroad and not Tulle, the railroad from Paris.
它们在十九世纪五十年代还是一样大的,但是布瑞福修了铁路,而不是图勒,通往巴黎的铁路
-
Southerners shared with Northerners a faith in progress, if you breathed the air in American in the 1840s and '50s.
南方人和北方人对发展有共同的信念,十九世纪四五十年代的美国就是例子
-
By the 1820s, already, within a decade of the War of 1812 and the opening of the frontier, cotton's future seemed limitless.
截至十九世纪二十年代,这其中包括了1812年开战的十年战争,以及边疆的开拓,棉花产业的未来似乎无限
-
But I think it became, in most ways and in most definitions, a slave society surely by the 1820s or the 1830s.
我认为最主流的定义是,奴隶社会确实起源于,十九世纪二三十年代
-
And then in the early eighteen twenties, he decided to incorporate this as the main theme of the last movement, the finale of his last symphony.
之后,在十九世纪二十年代早期,他决定将这一段,作为结尾乐章的主旋律,也就是他最后一部交响曲的最终乐章
-
In the nineteenth century, there was a lot of talk about races.
在十九世纪,有许多关于人种的讨论
-
Also, we don't have accurate censuses until the 19th century.
况且,直到十九世纪我们才有了,精确的人口普查
-
So, there's a political mobilization in the late 1860s, and in the beginning of 1870 there's a wave of strikes.
因此,在十九世纪六十年代晚期,掀起了一场政治动员,一八七零年开年,法国便迎来了一场罢工潮
-
This is down the Rue de Rivoli, which was completed in the 1850s and '60s, and the damage is staggering.
沿着里窝利路,这条路是在十九世纪五六十年代修好的,而军队进入之后造成的破坏是惊人的
-
And,so,you've got these processes in the nineteenth century, economic processes that you find all over Europe that consolidate the power of the French State, centralized in Paris.
你了解到了,十九世纪的发展历程,经济发展历程,巩固了法国以巴黎为核心的,中央集权统治
-
Well, archaeologists investigated this carefully, and the French School of Archaeology late in the nineteenth century dug everything up and concluded this was baloney; it was a myth.
十九世纪末期,法国建筑学院的,考古学家仔细调查了这个神庙,他们研究出了很多东西,包括以上说的故事,他们认为完全是个神话
-
And the evolution of banking in the nineteenth century further consolidates power.
在十九世纪,银行得以发展,并巩固了它的实力
-
How could you resist a sense of change in 1820s New York?
你如何能抵制变革的意识,如在十九世纪二十年代纽约
应用推荐