The Benthamite utilitarian says everybody's preferences count and they count regardless of what people want, regardless of what makes different people happy.

边沁功利主义者认为每个人的偏好都有意义,不论人们所欲何为，不论其喜好各有不同。

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But then, page eight, also in chapter two, he argues that it is possible for a utilitarian to distinguish higher from lower pleasures.

但在第八页，即第二章中，他提出功利主义者可以区分,高级和低级快乐。

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How can a utilitarian distinguish qualitatively higher pleasures from lesser ones, base ones, unworthy ones? Yes?

功利主义者何以将性质上更高级的快乐,与较低级，基本无价值的区分开呢，请说？

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So here are the objections to Bentham's utilitarianism and now, we turn to someone who tried to respond to those objections, a latter-day utilitarian, John Stuart Mill.

以上就是对边沁功利主义的异议,现在再来看看另一位,他试图回应这些异议，近代功利主义者约翰·斯图尔特·穆勒。

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And if you were a utilitarian, what would you do?

如果你是个功利主义者，你会怎么办？

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You may say that what's missing here is something that the utilitarian can easily incorporate, namely the value to the person and to the families of those who die from lung cancer.

你也许会说,这里无疑忽略了,功利主义者认为应当包含的部分，即那些死于肺癌的患者本身,加上其家属的价值。

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You're an outright utilitarian.

你是个彻底的功利主义者嘛。

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Because you would know being a good utilitarian that taking some, a small amount, he'd scarcely going to notice it, but it will make a huge improvement in the lives and in the welfare of those at the bottom.

因为作为一个优秀的功利主义者，你知道,收走一些对他们来说根本无关痛痒的钱，却能大大改善社会底层那些人的生活,增加他们的福利。

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