Well, one reason is that there are developmental disorders that seem to involve damage to one system but not to another.
一个原因是,发展障碍看上去,只会对某一个系统产生损害,而不会损害其他系统
One is because we understand the bone marrow system so much better than we understand all the other stem cell systems.
一个原因就是我们对骨髓系统的认识,远高于其他干细胞系统
And therefore as a system, the difference between Israel's God and the gods of Israel's neighbors was not merely quantitative. It was qualitative.
而从系统上看来,以色列上帝和其他国家的神之间的区别,不只是数量上的,更是性质上的。
This is just an acronym that you still see and use today, though there were newer systems that are more expressive for other languages, non-romance languages.
这就是你仍在看到和使用的缩略词,尽管出现了新的语言系统,能够更好的表达其他的语言。
We're going to find other properties that do care about the history of the system like work, that you put in the system, or heat that you put in the system, or some other variables But you can't use those to define the equilibrium state.
我们还会发现其他一些,与系统的历史有关的性质,比如你对系统做的功,或者你向系统传递的热量,或其他的变量,但你不能用它们,来定义平衡态。
Other systems: the gestures that mimes use, semaphores, are all semiotic systems.
其他的系统,比如手势,模仿,信号,他们都是符号系统。
The Federal Reserve System that was created in 1913 was different in that it was independent or much more independent than central banks in other countries.
913年建立的,联邦储备金系统是不同的,因为它独立,或者说比,其他国家的中央银行独立得多。
So we could ask, in this narrow sense, what properties do languages have and then go on to ask, in a broader sense, what other communicative systems also possess those properties.
我们可以发问,从狭义上说,语言拥有何种特性,然后我们可以接着发问,从广义上说,哪些其他的交流系统也同样拥有那些特性
Why isn't this experiment working?
其他的复杂的系统,例如?
Now, what this enables these cells to do is to communicate with very specific other regions of the nervous system.
现在,细胞就能够,同神经系统其他特定区域进行通讯
But if the system is in equilibrium, none of those states has lower enthalpy.
但是如果系统处于平衡态,所有其他的态都不可能具有更低的自由焓。
Other cells in the immune system recognizing that this is a foreign molecule, but is being presented in the context of a 'self' cell.
免疫系统中的其他一些细胞,识别到它是非己物质,但它已经被识别为己方细胞
These two systems which are shown in the core of this diagram really are responsible for regulating and exchanging information between the other organ systems.
在这张图的中心画的就是这两个系统,它们的功能是调节其他系统,并与之交换信息
So, if I'm the system, then everything else is the surroundings.
因此,如果我是个系统,那么其他任何事物都是环境。
Well, like the rest of the ancient world, Israel had a cultic system, and that cultic system featured a sanctuary: a sacred space with holy objects; sacred objects, where priests performed a variety of ritual acts.
和其他古代世界一样,以色列有一个宗教系统,圣所是这个系统的一个特色:,它是一个布满了神圣物体的地方,祭司会在这里举行一系列的仪式。
Once we've made some generalizations about language in this narrow sense, we could then ask, and we will ask, to what extent do other systems such as animal communication systems relate to this narrower definition.
一旦我们在狭义上,得出了某些关于语言的概论,那我们就可以发问,诸如动物交流系统之类的其他系统,会在多大程度上,符合这个狭隘的定义呢
One thing that's been a trend around the world is that the I mentioned that the U.S. Federal Reserve System was different from other central banks in that it was designed to have independence.
一个在世界范围内,流行的事实是,我提到过美国联邦储备系统,与其他中央银行不同,因为它有独立自主性。
So that is a flag that tells the compiler that I want to use or link into my own program code that someone else wrote that lives somewhere else on the system whose moniker is CS50.
所以那是一个标记,用来告诉编译器我想使用,或连接我自己的程序代码到一个叫做CS50的系统中的程序,可能其他人在那个系统写了这些程序。
They might be capable of forming all of the cells of the nervous system; they might still have some potency to form other things that are similar to the nervous system.
它们也许可以生成,所有神经系统的细胞,也许还有一些生成和神经系统类似的,其他东西的潜能
But this antigen presenting cell is more likely a professional antigen presenting cell, or a subset of cells of your immune system that are specialized in ingesting foreign particles and displaying their contents to the rest of the immune system.
但这种抗原呈递细胞更加类似于,专职抗原呈递细胞,或者是体内免疫细胞中的一个亚群,专门从事吞噬异己物质,并告知免疫系统的其他细胞的工作
So one way that neurons, in particular, are able to communicate with other cells in the nervous system, share information, integrate information, decide what to do next is that they are physically connected to other different cells.
所以神经细胞之所以能够,与神经系统中其他细胞通讯,分享信息,整合信息,从而决定下一步该做什么,是由于不同细胞间,是彼此连接在一起的
Then those antigens get expressed with MHC just like they did in all the other cells inside the host, but particular cells of the innate immune system have a different kind of MHC called MHC2.
这些抗原同MHC共表达,就如同抗原在其他宿主细胞中那样,但先天免疫系统有一类特殊的免疫细胞,具有一种称为MHC2的不同MHC
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