That is, most processes that we're concerned with, they'll happen with something held constant like pressure or temperature or maybe volume.

这句话是说我们所关注的大部分过程，发生的时候都是保持某个量为常数,比如压强，温度或者体积。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

The first is this the z effective, or how much charge is actually in the nucleus that's felt, Z or the I guess we would say the z, how much the charge is on the nucleus that holds it close together.

第一个是有效核电量，或者说实际感受到的核电荷量，又或者我想我可以说就是，使它们保持在一起的,原子核的电荷量。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

There are a lot of variables.

还有很多量保持不变。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

What are these quantities?

这些量是什么，在保持压强？

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选