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But you can also look at it qualitatively, so, if you think about the force between the electron and the proton, you could just qualitatively think about what's happening.
但你也可以定性的来研究这个问题，所以如果你们考虑电子,和质子之间的作用力,你可以定性的来想。
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Normally, we do these things to keep an equilibrium among the different systems of the unconscious, but sometimes it doesn't work.
一般来说，我们会运用这些机制,去维持无意识系统的平衡，但有时防御机制也会不起作用。
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You might think that its function is to make you more - a better cyclist but that's not its only function.
你也许只知道它的作用是--,使你成为一个更好的自行车手,但这并不是它的唯一功能
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But Aristotle used to think that if you want something to move, there has to be some agency making it move.
但亚里士多德认为,如果要让物体运动,那就必须有某种作用让它运动
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But it doesn't have to be through philosophy, I think it can be through a wide range of other studies and other activities that you make a difference.
但不一定仅仅是通过哲学，通过学习其他的学科,通过其他的活动，你也一样可以发挥作用。
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But I wonder what kind of, if this might even make a powerful incentive for military recruitment today.
但我很好奇想问哪一种，这是否仍可在今日的军人,召募中起强力的激励作用。
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Or just have the good intentions without the effort that's necessary to bring about a positive exponential function.
还是只有好的意图但不付出,必要的努力发挥正面指数函数的作用。
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Actually, those guys would be useful, not so much, hardly at all during the scrum of the phalanx, but should one side be retreating.
尽管远程兵种的作用有限,尤其是双方混战时几乎形同虚设,但当一方撤退时,他们的作用就显现了
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So basically, we're stuck with this verbal agreement and we both have an incentive to cheat and produce more whatever it is, sugar water.
但不管怎样,在这个口头协议不起作用,我们都有违约,生产更多这种糖水的动机
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But that raises a third philosophical question: What is the moral work that consent does?
但这样又引发了第三个哲学问题：,征得同意有何道德作用？
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As always with philosophy, there's more complicated versions of dualism where maybe the interaction doesn't work both ways, but let's just limit ourselves to good, old-fashioned, two-way interactionist dualism.
但由于我们在说的是哲学,二元论还持有更为复杂的观点,例如,交互作用对双方都不起作用,但就让我们限制在一个范围内较好,保守的,双向互动二元论观点
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So you--it doesn't--this theory doesn't say a whole lot about what the term structure will look like but it suggests that it's determined by the interplay of lots of economic factors.
这个理论没有详细说明期限结构,期限结构是什么样子的,但它指出了这是由,经济因素间的相互作用决定的
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The government has liberized the economy and that has of course been playing a role but the growth acceleration started almost a decade before that, so the factors are a little more complex.
印度政府让经济自由发展,这一决策显然是起了作用的,但在这一决策出现约10年前,印度经济的加速发展便开始了,所以经济腾飞的原因还比较复杂。
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.. For example, I would have... But this is just political kabuki, it's meaningless Yeah, and the magnitude is going to be small, ... the impact on the economy, ...to get these checks until what, July?
比如说，我原本可以。,但这只是一次政治秀，毫无意义,没错，它的影响力或许微乎其微，也就是对经济的产生的作用，。。。搞不好要到7月份才能拿到支票？
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Now that's pretty far fetched and not many people would say that a pop tart should be a controlled substance and regulated by government, but there are some very interesting chemical properties associated with foods like this that trigger things going on in the brain that affect us in a very big way.
这多少有点牵强,而且也没有很多人会认为,这种果酱馅饼应归为管制品,并受到政府监管,但有趣的是这种食品,确实有一些特别的化学特性,它会作用于大脑并会对我们产生大的影响
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Adam Smith, who is often falsely viewed as a proponent of selfishness and hardheadedness, was quite explicit about the pull this has.
经济学创立者亚当斯密经常被人误认为,是一个提倡自私和无情的人，但他却非常明白移情作用。
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When they do find the cell they're capable of interacting with the receptor forming some kind of chemical interaction with the receptor.
但当它们遇到细胞时,就能够与受体相互作用,与受体发生化学反应
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Gravity is one force that acts on a body without the source of the force actually touching it.
引力是一种受力物体收到了力的作用,但却没有接触施力物体的力
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Sometimes things go awry and what happens is a phrase that's not currently used in psychology but was popular during Freud's time: hysteria.
当防卫机制不起作用时,就会造成一种病症,其名称在如今的心理学领域已经不常用到,但在弗洛伊德的时代,这是个非常流行的名称：,这就是癔症。
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But skin cells and brain cells and pancreas cells aren't doing the same things.
但皮肤细胞,脑细胞和胰腺细胞,却发挥着完全不同的作用
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Won't help me against other bacteria, but only against the one that I've got.
但对其他细菌却不起作用,只能抵抗我感染到的这种细菌
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And part of it is mystical-- still not understandable-- but we are going to talk about as much as we know-- why it works and how it works.
一部分是很神秘，仍无法理解-,但我们会谈到我们所知的-,信念为什么会起作用及如何起作用。
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But do you know what the force on the body is?
但你知道物体受到了多大力的作用吗
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But some of the effects are more subtle and more interesting and you might not expect this.
但有些作用没那么明显,而且更有趣，可能会出乎你们意料。
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Now, the marriage case is extreme but Freud gives a lot of simpler examples where this sort of unconscious motivation might play a role.
婚姻是一个极端的例子,但弗洛伊德还举了很多简单点的例子,来阐释无意识动机是如何发挥作用的。
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That's the sort of good news about stereotypes but there's also bad news.
这是刻板印象的积极作用,但它也有消极作用。
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Example, protein hormones are insulin which we've talked about before and glucagon, and growth hormone which we haven't talked about but that's very important during periods of life like adolescence, when rapid growth of your bones is occurring.
例如,我们以前讲过的胰岛素,还有胰高血糖素都是蛋白质激素,生长激素也是,尽管我们还没有讲过它,但它在人的青春期阶段,起着非常重要的作用,骨骼在此时期快速生长
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That is a new part of India's economy, and to the extent that by globalization, one needs more foreign investment and increased connection to foreign trade they are playing a role but India's economy growth is largely being driven by internal investments.
那也是印度经济,新的组成部分，从某种层面来说，由于全球化，经济发展需要,吸引更多外资，促进外贸,这些因素确实起了作用,但印度经济增长大部分还是靠,国内投资。
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I think that we should be very careful not to let that deflect us from the recognition that this is important technology and that it's not the technology that's at fault; we have to get it right and then it will be powerful.
但我认为,我们应该警惕,不要因此对金融产生误解,事实上金融是门重要的应用技术,而且这一切并不是科技本身的错,我们应该完善这项技术,使其发挥正面作用
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But it does happen that emotional-- that this sort of empathy does lead to moral concern and action.
但事实是，这种痛苦-,这种移情作用确实会让我们,从道德上关心和关怀别人。
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