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The metropolis which uproots people, takes them away, takes them out of traditional cultures, also uproots traditional religious belief and practices.
人们扎根，随之漂流的都市，将他们从传统文化中剥离出来，同时也将那些传统的信仰与实践根除。
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In fact this treatise is often described, or maybe even most commonly described, as the Western tradition's greatest argument against censorship.
事实上，这本著作常常被描述为，或是可能广泛地被认为，是英国传统上最伟大的与控制相对立的文章。
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It's a way of thinking about form that has more to do with individuality than it does with convention.
思考这种形式的方法，与传统习惯相比,与个性更有关系。
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There are hereditary principalities, like those currently run by Lorenzo, which acquire their authority through tradition and hereditary bloodlines.
第一种是世袭君权，像是由罗伦佐所掌管的候国，其威信的获得,来自传统与世袭血源。
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What they do is kind of unique, in comparison to when you think of someone who is a traditional scholar of Islam someone who would run a mosque for example.
与其他相比，这个项目的特别之处在于,当你想到一个传统意义上的穆斯林学者时,你会想到一个主持清真寺的人。
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They cannot be reconciled as traditional students of the relationship between rhetoric and grammar in studying the rhetorical and grammatical effects of literature take for granted.
它们不可能和解,像传统的修辞学与语法学关系的学生,在研究修辞学和语法学对文学的影响之时想当然地做的那样。
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And finally, also associated with Israel's God, we have Ancient Near Eastern holy war traditions.
最后，这也与以色列上帝有关联，我们知道古代近东的圣战传统。
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And I really have to do about changing how we think about teaching and learning.
我必须要改变,人们关于教与学的传统想法。
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That such attacks on the greatest achievements of the west should be made by Western intellectuals is perfectly in keeping with the Western tradition.
这些对于西方灿烂文明的抨击,应该是来自西方学者们的,这与西方的传统相一致
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Yeats was trained in the occult disciplines of Theosophy and Gnosticism. Those traditions merge in his early work with European symbolism, and also with Irish cultural nationalism.
叶芝曾受到通神论和诺斯替教,神秘主义教条的训练，这些传统,在他早期作品中与欧洲象征主义，和爱尔兰文化民族主义结合。
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Or freedom, they will argue, must be balanced with tradition.
他们认为自由,必须与传统相结合
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So they are certainly interconnected. However, just getting rid of the anxiety and the depression will not in and of itself make us happy, which is the conventional wisdom today, which is the conventional wisdom "Well,let's just get rid of that depression " and everything will be fine."
就是说他们必然是有关联的，然而，单单摆脱焦虑与压抑并不会,使我们快乐，这一点算是传统的常识，是很多从业的心理学家,“摆脱抑郁,一切都会变好的“
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Or has Milton only seemed powerful because of the traditional religious values with which he is so intimately associated?
还是说他仅仅是因为与传统宗教价值,紧密相关因而看起来强大？
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In these parts of the Politics Aristotle offers a serious challenge to existing Greek traditions and patterns of political education.
在这部份的《政治学》,亚里士多德对,当时的希腊政治教育传统与模式,提出严肃的挑战。
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So what is at stake in this quarrel between Socrates and the poetic tradition ? that he alludes to?
那到底他所暗示,介于苏格拉底与诗学传统间的争论,关键点为何？
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Second, a sense of crisis, a radical break in culture, an overturning of conventional artistic forms that goes with a sense that civilization itself is being overturned.
第二，危机感，文化上根本性突破，与文明本身被颠覆同时进行的,颠覆传统艺术模式的运动。
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Socrates, in other words, has broken the bond of tradition and traditional authority that holds the ancient city and the ancient family together.
苏格拉底，其实已经摧毁了,传统与传统权威间的联系,那可是维系古代城邦,与古代家庭的力量。
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How does that compare with the traditional educational settings?
与传统教育设施相比,又是什么情况？
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The first and the sharpest break with this common human experience came in ancient Greece.
最早与人类社会这个普遍传统,相悖且最为鲜明的例子就是古希腊
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Now, the second great strand in the history of the West is the Judeo Christian tradition, a very different tradition from the one I have just described.
现在,我们谈谈西方历史的第二大主线,犹太基督教传统,一种与之前谈论的截然不同的文化传统
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The Greeks already had a century's long tradition of poetic education going back centuries to the time of Homer and Hesiod that set out certain exemplary models of heroic virtue and civic life.
希腊人已有世纪长的,诗学教育传统,可回溯到几个世纪前的荷马,与赫西奥德，他们为,英雄美德与公民生活确立了典范。
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The traditional answer is that These guys actually did press up against the rows in front of them And that this provided a momentum That gave the front line an advantage in beating the enemy facing them.
传统的回答是,他们实际上是在推挤前面几排友军,为其提供一种动力,使前线在与对面的敌人交战时具有优势
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Same with the Priestly school: we're speaking about the Priestly materials which clearly have evidence of originating from the eighth, seventh, sixth and fifth centuries, and so there must have been a common stretch of scholarship that would have preserved and transmitted and developed those traditions, and we call that the Priestly school.
这与牧师学派相同：我们指的是那些被显著证据证明,起源于公元前8世纪到5世纪的牧师学派的材料，那么一定存在一个共通的学派,去保存和传播,发展这些传统，我们称之为,牧师学派。
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So much more important than historical verifiability is the conviction of the ancient Israelites who received and venerated these traditions, and developed them, and embellished them, that God had once acted on their behalf, rescuing them from bondage, binding them to himself in an eternal covenant.
无比史料证明更重要的是,古代以色列人坚定的信仰,他们接受并且崇敬那些传统，将它们发扬，美化它们，认为上帝曾为了他们而行动，将他们从奴役中解救，在永恒的契约中将他们与上帝联系在一起。
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In fact, there's a rabbinic image, there's a rabbinic tradition that talks about this period of time, and has God and Moses talking, and God says: Listen, between the two of us, whenever I blow hot, you blow cold, or when I pour hot water, you pour cold, and when you pour hot, I'll pour cold, and together we'll muddle through, and get through here.
事实上，这里有一个与犹太律法相关的意象，犹太律法传统,描述了这段时间中，上帝和摩西又一次谈话，上帝说：“听着，在我们两个人中间，当我吹热风，你要吹冷风，当我泼热水，你要泼冷水，当你泼热水的时候，我们泼凉水,我们将一起应付各种情形。
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Machiavelli's new world, his new modes and orders, will require, clearly, a displacement of the earlier one, of the previous one.
马奇亚维利的全新世界，他所称的新模式与秩序将很明显地，会取代传统制约，前朝的制约。
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Milton is essentially inheriting both of these traditions, both of these sets of associations with pastoral poetry.
弥尔顿实质上继承了这两种传统，这两种与田园诗之间千丝万缕的联系。
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And then a cultivation of the self, you have to understand you have a history You have to understand you relationship with tradition, you have a community that shaped you, a family that shaped you, sometimes good sometimes bad.
并培养自我意识，你要理解你的过去,你必须理解自己与传统的关系，理解改变过你的社区，改变过你的家庭，改变的结果或好或坏。
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We are what we are because of the power and authority of the laws, the customs, the traditions, the culture that has shaped us.
我们的存在,是因为法律，习俗，传统及文化的职权与威信,这些形塑了我们。
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