-
You're going to work out what firm's demands are going to look like for each possible price they could set.
你们要解出,公司针对每一个其可能设定的价格,它的需求是什么
-
So the other guy is pricing below costs, the way which I avoid making losses is to set my price above his price.
所以另一家公司定价低于成本,我想要避免损失的方法是,将我的价格设定得比它高
-
Perhaps more realistic to think of firms actually thinking about what prices to set and then adjusting the quantities they actually ship based on demand.
设想公司正在考虑,如何设定价格然后根据需求,相应地调整产量
-
So where is--suppose he's pricing-- We'll say the prices are between 0 and 1, suppose he's pricing at .8, what would be a good price for me to set?
如果他定价,假设他的价格,取值在0和1之间,假设他的价格设定在0.8,我应该设定哪个价格比较好呢
-
You're going to assume that firms set prices to maximize profits.
你们将假设公司设定价格以最大化利润
-
We would like a model in which firms set prices because for the most part we think firms do set prices not quantities: Not always but for the most part.
我们想要的是一个由公司设定价格的模型,因为在大多数情况下,我们认为公司是设定价格而不是产量,虽然不总是如此,但大多数情况是这样
-
Pepsi's pricing exactly at marginal cost, what's my best response?
百事将价格精确地设定在边际成本,我的最佳对策是什么
-
The answer was set your price above his price.
答案是设定你的价格高于它的价格
-
So firms, as before, are going to set prices.
这些公司,像之前一样,将设定价格
-
I could price at marginal cost as well.
我也将价格设定在边际成本
-
To price at marginal cost as well.
也将价格设定在边际成本
-
Pricing at the monopoly price.
将价格设定在垄断价格
-
In one model we thought of the firms setting quantities and the market determining prices, and here we have the firms setting prices and the market determining quantities, but the basic underlying economic structure of this is very, very similar.
在前一个模型我们假设公司设定产量,而市场决定价格,在本模型中我们假设公司设定价格,而市场决定产量,但基本的经济结构是非常,非常相似的
-
They're setting prices.
它们设定了价格
-
You can't think that it really could make so much difference in the real world how prices and quantitie and welfare, and profit is going to work out depending on some thought experiment about how I think about my strategy set.
你们很难想象在现实世界里,价格 产量 福利和利润会因为,不同策略集合设定下的思想实验,而产生如此巨大的变化
-
This time, however, instead of setting quantities, instead of just deciding how much Coke and Pepsi to produce and spewing it out in the market and letting prices take care of themselves, this time the firms are going to set prices and let quantities take care of themselves.
这次不是规定产量,上次是确定,可口可乐和百事可乐的产量,运到市场上销售,并让价格自主的浮动,而这次,公司将要预先设定价格,并让产量自动调节
-
And notice that if Pepsi has priced above the monopoly price, suppose Pepsi has priced this good so high that it's above the monopoly price, then, as the gentleman said, I can capture the whole market by pricing just below Pepsi.
注意如果百事设定的价格高于垄断价格,假设百事把价格定得太高了以至于,高于垄断价格,那么像那位先生说的,我可以用低于百事的价格来占领整个市场
-
So basically what I'm going to do here is I'm going to set my price to equal his price, minus a little bit, I'll just undercut him a little bit and by just undercutting him a little bit, I'm going to get the whole of the market and I'll make as much money as I can on those sales.
所以基本上我要做的是,设定我的价格等于他的价格,减去一点点,我的价格将仅仅比他的低一点点,并且通过比他的价格低一点点,我将占领整个市场,那些销售带给我尽可能多的钱
-
At C okay, so the Nash Equilibrium here, the Nash Equilibrium is for both firms to set their prices equal to marginal cost.
价格定在C,好的,所以这里的纳什均衡,纳什均衡是两家公司都把它们的价格,设定在边际成本
-
This strategy set--formally, Let's just simplify it here-- let's assume that for each Firm i they can set their price anything bigger than 0 and anything less than 1, just to keep life simple.
至于策略集合,我们把它简化成,假设每个公司i能,将它们的价格设定为,大于0并且小于1,仅仅为了简化处理
应用推荐