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Julius Caesar capitalized on his role as a general of a large army that was at the time winning battles in Gaul, modern France.
恺撒利用他的将领身份，他的军队,当时在高卢，现代法国，赢得了战争。
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and he's a modern artist. And it's kind of minimalist style.
他是一个现代艺术家。他有种极简抽象派艺术风格。
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Let me say more about what I mean by approaching the question of his modernness, his modernity, from the point of view of his subjects.
让我解释一下我的意思,通过探寻他现代性的问题，从他的主题方面入手。
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The text into which any early modern seventeenth-century writer would jot his or her thoughts into, his reading notes, was always called a commonplace book.
他的阅读笔记,那是许多早期的十七世纪现代作家都会深深思考的笔记，它常常被称为一本普通的书。
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Indeed, arguably a modern military power, at least in the seventeenth and early eighteenth-century sense, and he injects European culture into Russia.
至少在十七世纪和十八世纪早期,它可以算是一个现代化的军事大国,同时 他将欧洲文化注入俄国
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But, Nabokov's relationship to this modernist past is not just the burlesque that he visits on Eliot, is not just this complicated attraction and dis-identification that he works on with Proust.
但是，纳博科夫和现代主义者的关系不只是,他对艾略特的滑稽模仿，也不只是和普鲁斯特,复杂的吸引和不认同。
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And to some degree, he even seems to speak, he seems even more characteristically modern than Machiavelli.
在某种程度上，他说的，甚至比马基雅维利,更具有典型的现代性。
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But,he'd helped modernize the economy, and he did not restore the church to its old power.
但他推动了经济现代化,他并未让教会重新得势
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What happened was, Salinas was a Harvard-educated economist; he came in to modernize Mexico and he wanted to privatize things, so he privatized a lot of the banks.
萨利纳斯是哈佛培养出来的经济学家,他支持墨西哥现代化进程,他主张私有化,所以他将一大批银行私有化
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And he decided, well, I'm interested in modern physics.
他说，我的兴趣是现代物理。
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So even though he's very closely connected to the legacy of avant-garde modernism, he's also connected to a social realist strain, the naturalist strain.
虽然怀特,与前卫现代主义的传承，有千丝万缕的关联，但他仍具有现实主义。
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He goes in a sense in an anti-modern direction, maybe even in some sense in a reactionary direction, at least in relation to other poets' ideas of progress and innovation.
他某种意义上走入了反现代化的方向，甚至某种意义上走入了反动的方向，但至少和其他诗人关于,进步和创新的想法有关系。
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Pound goes to work on Yeats, goes to work on his poetry and helps modernize him, although I think in lots of ways the influence went just as much the other way.
庞德转而研究叶芝和他的诗,并帮助他往现代主义转变，尽管我认为在很多方面,是叶芝影响了庞德。
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Modernity is, in his work, a condition of social and psychological fragmentation which is both a private, personal dilemma and a public one, as he understands it.
在他的作品里，现代性，是一种社会和心理上的零散状态,就他而言，这既是个人的僵局，也是社会的停滞不前。
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This, in many ways arguably, makes him the founding father or maybe we should say godfather of modern liberalism, the importance given to rights over duties, of the individual over in many ways the collective or common good.
正是这个稍带争议的观点,使他成了现代自由主义的奠基人,甚至可以说是创始人,因为个人权力优先于义务就意味着,个人利益将优先于集体利益。
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Yeats's sense of modern history, of the crisis of his moment this is something we can describe and explore next time in "Easter 1916."
叶芝对现代历史，和他所生活时代的危机的感触,我们可从下节课要读的诗,1916年的复活节,还描述和探究“
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But all of this is overthrown, "changed utterly," by the radical politics that altered Ireland during Yeats's lifetime, that announced the coming of modernity and that these two women themselves participated in centrally.
但这一切被推翻了，完全改变“,被叶芝时期的爱尔兰,的那场激进政治革命改变了，他宣告了现代的到来,这两个女人亲身参与其中。
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Eliot was there, in that essay on the metaphysical poets that I'm quoting from, defending as necessary what is the primary characteristic, not only of his own poetry, but really of modern poetry generally, what is often called its difficulty.
艾略特在描写那些抽象派诗人的文章里,就是我引用的那篇，极力维护,诗人的首要特征，不仅是因为他自身的诗性，更因为维护现代诗歌的必要，这是非常困难的一件事。
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His terms are very much informed by a modernist sensibility of what literature is all about-- and I'm going to say more about what that is when I lecture on Lolita--but it's very much in contrast with that Ulysses ad. " Don't identify. It's not about you.
他的方式都是通过对文学的,现代主义式鉴赏来表达的,我在讲《洛丽塔》时会再详细说明,这和《尤利西斯》的广告有很大不同“,“无须认同，那与你无关，那是关于其他事情的”
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He seems to have known something about the modern economic theory of society long before modern economics was even developed.
而且是公开的驳斥,他似乎已知现代社会的经济原理,且是在现代经济学开始发展之前。
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This is Yeats in costume, costumed as a figure from Irish myth, as an ancient bard, mad King Goll, which is the furthest thing from a modern poet.
穿着奇装异服的叶芝，打扮成爱尔兰传说中的人物，过去的吟唱诗人，疯癫的郭尔王，他与这位现代诗人相隔甚远。
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But Milton portrays himself as a laborer here, a poet who by labor and intense study actually has to work to produce the great poem. Milton's divine vocation, his calling, seems in this light to be something like a vocation in the modern sense: it's a job that exacts work or labor.
但弥尔顿把他自己描绘成一个工人,一个只能通过努力学习来创作出,伟大诗歌的诗人，弥尔顿的神圣的使命，他的天职，就此而论就像现代意义上的职业了：,一份要求工作和劳动的职业。
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Indeed, he said in his various pronouncements written for him by someone else that he didn't want to be a king of the old regime, he did not want to turn the clock back to 1788, and that you could combine a modernity with monarchy.
在一篇由人代笔的自我声明中,他表示并不想成为旧有政体的国王,他不想把时间倒退回1788年,完全可以把君主制和现代化结合
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For Stevens, when modernity takes away God what it does is unveil the poet's Godlike powers, a power to create the world through imagination, imagination which created God in the first place.
对他而言，当现代性取代了上帝的地位,它所起的作用就是解释诗人所有的神明般的力量，这是一种在想象中重塑世界的力量，这种想象最初创造出了上帝。
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Machiavelli is the founder, the discoverer, the inventor of the modern state.
马奇亚维利是创始人，发明人，他发明了现代国家。
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Modern political science, he said, began with this book of 1642.
他说，现代政治科学，始于1642年，始于他的书。
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Yeats's career is maybe the most famous one in modern poetry that is, a career that has been seen as a kind of representative story about modern poetry as a whole. What's that story?
叶芝的事业在现代诗歌史上,也许是最著名的,他的事业被认为是,代表了现代诗歌整个历程,那这个历程是什么呢？
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Hobbes gives us the definitive language of the modern state.
他对我们如何理解现代国家,具有决定性作用。
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And here he distinguishes the liberty of, what he calls the liberty of the ancients, or what he doesn't exactly call but I'll call the liberty of the ancients and the liberty of the moderns.
他在这里为我们辨析了，现代自由与古典自由，可能他是叫作古典自由的吧,或者他根本没有给它一个具体的名字,不过我很愿意叫它古典自由。
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As he puts it in the dedication of his most famous book, he writes that this book The Prince "is a product of long experience with modern things " and a continuous reading of the ancient ones."
从而催生出,他最呕心沥血的大作，他笔下的《君王论》,“是一部,对现代事物长久体验,与持续阅读古籍的结晶“
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