And third, they were required to put together implementation plan while they did the cost-benefit analysis to Merrill Lynch for offering this product to service.
第三,要求他们整合,实施计划,做出成本效益分析,以让美林推出该产品。
that every company that uses advertising needs to then bake into the cost of the product.
所有打广告的公司都要把广告成本加入产品成本里。
but with, you know, less cost, and probably even quality is not that high.
却只要更少的成本,虽然产品的质量可能不怎么高。
So we'll figure out how much does it cost,
我们会对产品评估它的广告成本,
Now we're doing the same for IT, using standards, taking things that are in what's this big bucket known as services and really encapsulating them in the form of services and products, but in a much more cost-effective way, using standards.
现在对于整个信息技术行业我们也采取这种方法,使用标准,通过服务,注入产品和服务,通过标准,提高成本效率。
Now, instead of being the cost of traveling that distance to go and buy the product, what's it going to be?
不是走一定距离,去买产品的成本,它是什么呢
It's going to be pushed below costs.
产品价格会被压到成本以下
I won't bother to write it separately for Firm 2, it's going to be the quantity it sells times the price it gets for that quantity, minus that quantity it sells times the cost it incurs in producing that quantity.
我不用另外写公司2的收益了,收益是销量,乘以对应的价格,减去销量乘以产品,的生产成本
If the other guy is pricing below costs, you don't want to sell anything, that's the right intuition.
如果另一家公司定价低于成本,你不想卖任何产品,这是正确的经济学直觉
Let's just make sure we understand this, if the other guy is selling below cost, the only way I can make any sales is to price below his price.
来确认下大家都明白这点,如果另外一家公司定价低于成本,我想卖出产品的唯一方法就是定价比它低
So here I've interpreted these terms here as transport costs, and I've interpreted what makes the products different is the fact that one of them is selling at one of the end of the town, and the other one is selling at the whitehead end of town.
我将这个条件转化成了交通成本,并且我将造成产品的不同转化为,是由于一家公司在城的一边销售,而另一家公司在城的另一边销售
So if I produce one unit it costs me c; if I produce two units it costs me 2c; if I produce 100 units, it'll cost me 100c and if I produce 0.735 units that costs me 0.735c.
生产1单位的产品成本是c,如果生产2单位成本就是2c,如果我生产100单位成本就是100c,如果生产0.735单位就是0.735c
Just to remind those people who are not Economics Majors what that means, it means if I produce 1 unit then it costs me C to produce, if I produce two units it costs me 2C, 100 units a 100C and so on.
顺便提示一下那些,非经济专业的同学这表示什么意思,它表示生产1单位产品需要消耗C成本,如果生产2单位,需要的成本是2C,100单位需要100C,以此类推
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