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When Darius II died, who was the king of the Persians, Alexander himself took on Darius's title, which was Great King.
波斯国王大流士二世死后，亚历山大使用了大流士的头衔，也就是“大帝“
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I mean, I like, my favorite designers right now are probably... I love Alexander Wang.
我想我现在喜欢的设计师是……我爱亚历山大•王。
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Alexander defeated the Persian Army, which at that time controlled all of Asia Minor, Modern Turkey, and had even threatened to control Greece.
亚历山大大败波斯军队，波斯人当时控制了整个小亚细亚，现代土耳其，甚至扬言要占领希腊。
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You all remember the recent movie of a year or two ago about Troy with Colin Farrell about Alexander.
你们都还记得,最近一两年上映的一部电影中有提到特洛依城,由柯林，法洛饰演亚历山大大帝。
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Remember back to Alexander H. Steven's cornerstone quote he uses the word "Natural" Twice in that passage.
还记得亚历山大·斯蒂文的柱石上的引文,这段引文中他用了"自然"这个概念两次
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Young Alexander conquered India.
亚历山大王,东征印地
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Another fact is that we are told that when Alexander the Great went out to conquer the Persian Empire, and as far as he was concerned,to conquer everything he could reach, he carried with him a copy of the Iliad which it is alleged he put under his pillow.
另一个事实是,据说当亚历山大大帝,出征去征服波斯帝国时,对他而言,就是去征服他能达到的一切,他随身带着一本《伊利亚特》,据说放在他的枕头底下
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I mean, J. K. Rowling, Lloyd Alexander, C. S. Lewis, whatever you like.
比如说，罗琳、亚历山大、路易斯，你喜欢的都行。
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All right, this is actually a very old piece of imperative knowledge for computing square roots, it's attributed to Heron of Alexandria, although I believe that the Babylonians are suspected of knowing it beforehand.
好，这是一个很古老的,关于计算平方根的程序性知识，是亚历山大的海伦提出的，不过我怀疑在那之前,巴比伦人就已经猜想过了。
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If you think about Alexander Pope, for example, or even Samuel Johnson, as they reflect on literature and why it's important and what the nature of literature is, they aren't concerned about interpretation.
比如，亚历山大，蒲柏，或塞缪尔，约翰逊，他们思考文学,及其重要性时，并不关心文学的解读问题。
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Alexander took this tendency of syncretism, of mixing together different religious traditions from different places, and he used it as a self-conscious propaganda technique.
于是亚历山大利用宗教融合，即把不同地区的不同宗教传统融合，作为有意为之的宣传工具。
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And Alexander didn't really care that much about the lower classes doing that, but he still wanted the elites.
而亚历山大虽然不在乎,下层阶级如何生活，但他希望同化精英阶层。
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Alexander, of course, had been educated by Aristotle, when he was young, and so he had adopted Greek language and Greek literature and a lot of other Greek ways.
亚历山大本人幼年时，师承亚里士多德，所以他使用希腊语，熟悉希腊文学,以及各类希腊文化。
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So that's one of the most important things about Alexander and his successors is they Hellenized the entire eastern Mediterranean, and that meant every major city would have a certain commonality to it.
亚历山大及其继业者最大的成就之一,就是将整个地中海东部希腊化了，也就是说所有大城市都有共同点。
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His letter was not binding on anybody else, except the churches in his Alexandrian diocese.
他的书信对其他人都没有约束作用，除了他在亚历山大教区的教会。
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But for right now, all you need to know is that all of these generals, although they were Macedonians and spoke Macedonian and not themselves Greek, but they had, just like Alexander, they had adopted Greek language, Greek culture.
不过目前，你们只要知道所有四位将领，虽然都是马其顿人，说马其顿语,不是希腊人，但是他们和亚历山大一样，使用希腊语，希腊文化。
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It's the Easter letter by the Bishop Athanasius, who was Bishop of Alexandria.
它是阿萨内修斯主教写的复活节书信，他是亚历山大市的主教。
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What Alexander had wanted to do was to take all these different peoples, who spoke different languages and had different customs, and use a Greek layer to sort of unite his empire overall.
亚历山大的理想是，让所有说不同语言，不同习俗的民族，用一种希腊文化统一帝国。
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In Alexandria, the local Egyptian population resented the Jews because they were recognized as a legal ethnicity in Alexandria, and they weren't given complete privileges of the Greeks in-- Alexandria was a Greek city.
比如在亚历山大港，当地埃及人仇视犹太人,因为他们在当地是合法少数民族，而埃及人却没有任何希腊特权。。。,亚历山大港是希腊式城市。
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The Egyptians were the lowest in the city.
埃及人是亚历山大港地位最低的。
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Alexander.
亚历山大大帝。
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But what Alexander and his successors did was they made sort of a conscious, propagandistic decision to use religious syncretism to bind together their kingdoms.
但是亚历山大和他的继业者所做的,是决定通过有意的政治宣传，用宗教融合,来维系他们的王国。
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At the end of the day that's where Alexander H. Stephens went, with his Cornerstone Speech in 1861.
最后,就在那里,亚历山大斯蒂芬斯,于1861年完成了著名的基石演讲
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Aristotle famously was a tutor of Alexander the Great. Machiavelli spent a large part of his career in the foreign service of his native Florence and wrote as an advisor to the Medici.
亚里士多德有指导亚历山大大帝的著名史实；,马奇亚维利职涯中,长期服务于佛罗伦萨,原乡的外交部门,而且是梅迪西家族的顾问；
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Alexander H. Stephens, a Georgian, a slaveholder, said the cornerstone of the Confederacy, the cornerstone of their political movement, was what he called "American Negro slavery."
亚历山大· H·斯蒂芬斯,一个来自乔治亚州的奴隶主,用他的演讲为邦联打下了基石,这块邦联政治运动的基石,被他称为,"美国的黑人奴隶制度"
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When Alexander gets to Persia, or let's say when he gets to Egypt, he knows that there is this god Isis, this female god Isis, that's very important.
亚历山大抵达波斯时，这么说吧，他来到埃及后，发现当地有个叫艾西斯的神，这位艾西斯女神地位非常崇高。
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I don't know quite how Alex managed it but that's what they say, but the principle is established.
我不太清楚亚历山大是怎么塞到枕头底下去的,但他们确实是这么说的,准则就是由此建立的
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Last time I began with Alexander H. Stephens's famous Cornerstone Speech in 1861, the famous passage by the Vice-President of the Confederacy declaring slavery the cornerstone of the Confederate Movement.
上次我说到亚历山大·H·史蒂芬,1861年著名的奠基石演讲,就是那个邦联副总统做的讲话,声称奴隶制是邦联运动的奠基石
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You have therefore one world, - and in fact this whole dream of Alexander-- and it was a very self-conscious, propaganda campaign and a cultural campaign on Alexander's part.
成为一个世界，事实上，亚历山大的这个梦想-,对于他本人来说，是一场自发的宣传运动及文化运动。
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Alexander himself was born in 356, BCE of course.
亚历山大出生于公元前356年。
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