And,so,you've got these processes in the nineteenth century, economic processes that you find all over Europe that consolidate the power of the French State, centralized in Paris.

你了解到了,十九世纪的发展历程,经济发展历程,巩固了法国以巴黎为核心的,中央集权统治

耶鲁公开课 - 1871年后的法国课程节选

I mentioned earlier that we used to be on the gold standard and central banks were gold standard institutions that were trying to stabilize the economy but subject to the constraint that they had to maintain convertibility with gold but those central banks' role has changed a lot.

直至改变,我之前提到,我们过去是以金本位为基础的,并且中央银行也是以金本位为基础的机构,它们试图稳固经济,但是也在,保持金子的转换功能约束下。

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选