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If you look at the world of Mycenae once again, we've already seen this, you have a despotism of some kind.
如果你重温一下迈锡尼,我们之前也讲过,你会从某种程度上想到专制
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In other words, you have a degree of monarchical power control of true, monarchical power, of a wealthy monarchical power.
换句话说,那里有一个王权至上,富有的君主专制国家
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And, so, you have the kings there; and the whole process of absolutism, which you don't have to know about.
因此,存在君主,就存在一系列的专制主义论调,这里就不细说了
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This will be important to try and understand the French revolution, La Revolution francaise, that there's a difference between absolutism and despotism.
这个观点对于尝试理解法国大革命很重要,绝对主义和专制主义是有区别的
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Milton's striking such a strange authoritarian note here that it's easy to skip over it.
弥尔顿在这里提出了很专制的话,很容易被人漏读。
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It is easy to confuse, as many people have done, the Republic, with a recipe for tyranny.
这很容易令人困惑，很多人也真的被困住，拿着《理想国》作为专制的药方。
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That if government's democracy or dictatorship. It matters.
对于最终是民主政府还是专制政府，这至关重要。
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One thing absolute monarchs don't want is they don't want impediments to their personal rule.
绝对统治者厌恶的一点,就是妨碍他们个人专制的绊脚石
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On the one hand, you will find Hobbes the most articulate defender of political absolutism.
一方面，你会发现霍布斯,是专制主义的坚定捍卫者。
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But it doesn't matter. There's never one king.
但这无关紧要,重要的是没有君主专制
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He's shamed by the fact that he has been defending injustice and the tyrannical way of life.
他感到羞愧的原因是,自己一直在捍卫,不公及专制君主式的人生。
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By the one, the few, the many, ? or some combination of these three categories?
专制，寡头，民主，或混合政体？
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What bothers Socrates most about our democracy is a certain kind of instability, its tendency to be pulled between extremes of anarchy, between lawlessness and tyranny.
苏格拉底对我们民主最感困扰的是,不稳定性，倾向于失序两端,拉扯的特性，即介于目无法纪与专制之间。
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For many today, Hobbes' conception of the Leviathan state is synonymous with anti-liberal absolutism.
对今天许多的学者而言,霍布斯在《利维坦》中的政治主张,就是反自由主义之专制主义的代名词。
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They were nobles that had the chateaux,; and they didn't dominate; they didn't rule.
他们群是拥有城堡的贵族,但他们不专制,不独裁
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There can be no relations of trust in a large, imperial despotism.
那样的社会可以不需信任的关系,存在于大型，帝国的专制之中。
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To the republicans, he was tainted with monarchy, or monarchism.
对于共和党人，他又坚信君主政体，或是君主专制主义。
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Although Hobbes is widely taken to be a defender of monarchical absolutism, you will note, in your readings, that he displays a kind of studied neutrality over actually what form the sovereign should take.
尽管霍布斯被广泛地认为是,君主专制主义的维护者，但在阅读中你们会发现，他对国家应当采用何种政体,是保持中立姿态的。
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They eventually end up with a monarchy.
最后,荷兰沦为君主专制国家
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Locke is against arbitrary government.
洛克是反对专制政府的。
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The records make it perfectly clear that the kingdoms of Pylos and Knossos were bureaucratic monarchies of a type unexpected in Greece, but in many ways similar to some contemporary and earlier kingdoms in the eastern Mediterranean.
记录清晰地表明皮洛斯和,科索诺斯王国,是不同于希腊的君主专制政体,但在很多地方类似于,一些同期和早期的地中海东部的王国
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From this point of view, it would seem that Hobbes helps to establish the language of what we might think of as the liberal opposition to absolutism.
从这点来说，我们似乎可以看出,霍布斯建立了一种说法,就是我们所想的,对专制主义的自由对立。
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That line had clearly been crossed and helps explain why it was that in a country in which there weren't ten people who wanted a republic in 1789.
绝对主义和专制主义的区别已经不存在,这解释了为何在这个国家,1789年时只有不到十人想建立共和制
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He is referring to his relatives, men like Critias and Charmides, who turned Athenian politics into a tyranny and, which he says, " makes the"democracy look like a golden age."
他所指的是他的亲戚，诸如，Critias，和Charmides，等，将雅典政治转成专制的人，所以他才说，他们让，“民主看起来像是进入了全盛期“
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