The one that's on the top here is called ligand-gated ion channel and an ion channel is a protein that sits in the surface of a cell.

最上面的这个叫作配体门控离子通道,离子通道是一类位于细胞表面的蛋白

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Estrogen is a natural signal for cells to grow.

雌激素是一类细胞生长信号

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

A progenitor cell, the definition, it just means it can generate the cells that are typical of that tissue or that organ, so it's capable of becoming these mature classes of cells.

祖细胞的定义就是,它能产生那个器官或者组织内的,所有的典型细胞,所以它可以成为那一类的成熟细胞

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

One of the results of that stimulation is that B-cells - a particular subset of B-cells - gets activated.

这种激活的结果之一就是,B细胞,一类特别的B细胞亚族被激活

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

The humoral immune response involves antibody production and antibodies are made by a subset of cells called B-cells.

体液免疫反应中包括抗体的产生过程,抗体是由一类称为B细胞的细胞亚族产生

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Then those antigens get expressed with MHC just like they did in all the other cells inside the host, but particular cells of the innate immune system have a different kind of MHC called MHC2.

这些抗原同MHC共表达,就如同抗原在其他宿主细胞中那样,但先天免疫系统有一类特殊的免疫细胞,具有一种称为MHC2的不同MHC

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选