So we could think about comparing the potassium ion to a sodium ion. They have the same charge of plus one.

我们可以想象比较一下钾离子,与钠离子，它们都同样带有正一价的电荷。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

So chlorine, if we talk about it in terms of electron affinity, we would be writing that we're actually gaining an electron here, and getting the ion, c l minus.

那么，氯，如果我们要讨论它的电子亲和能，我们会假设它真的得到了,一个电子而变成离子，负一价的氯。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

So, that also tells us that the n minus ion is less stable than the neutral atom itself.

而且，这还告诉我们,负一价的氮离子不如中性氮原子稳定。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

Whereas for fluorine, fluorine is smaller than f minus is the one that's the outer shell shown here.

而对于氟来说，氟原子更小,与外部壳层在这的负一价氟离子相比。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

So if we want to write out what that would be, it would just be to say that f minus is isoelectronic with neon.

那么如果我们把它写出来，它应该就是负一价的氟离子与氖原子是等电子的。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

And this is just a picture showing some of these sizes with their parent. So, for example, a lithium here, you can see how lithium plus is smaller than the actual lithium atom in its neutral state.

这是一张对比图,展示某些离子与它们的母体，比如，这里是锂，大家可以看到正一价锂离子是多么的小,与中性锂原子相比。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

So, in other words, this c l minus is actually lower in energy than the reactants were.

也就是说，负一价氯离子,比原来的反应物的能量更低。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

so it's important to note that it's not in b, now we're talking about b plus, because we've already taken an electron out here.

其中有一个非常重要的地方需要注意，不是硼，而是正一价硼离子，因为我们已经拿走了一个电子了。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

So here we're talking about v plus 1, so if we were to write it just for the neutral electron itself, we would find that the electron configuration is argon, that's the filled shell in front of it.

这里我们要分析的是正一价的钒离子，因此，我们先写出中性原子的电子排布，可以发现，其原子实是氩原子的电子排布，这些壳层已经被占满了。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

So, we can say that -- if we have neon here and we want to think about what's isoelectronic, -- f minus would be isoelectronic. We also have oxygen -- what would the charge on oxygen be? Um-hmm, right. 2 minus.

那么，我们可以说--如果我们这里有氖原子,而我们想知道与它等电子的是什么，负一价的氟离子就是与它等电子的，我们还有氧-,氧应该是几价的？没错，负二价。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

So, for example, if we think of the fluorine minus case, would you expect fluorine minus to be larger or smaller than neutral fluorine? Okay. I heard mostly larger, but a little bit of a mix in there, and it turns out that larger is correct.

比如，如果我们来考虑一下负一价的氟离子的话，大家认为它大一些还是小一些？,对比于比中性氟原子，好的，我听到大部分人说大一些，但是也有一些不同意见，而正确答案应该是大一些。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

So, in the case of boron plus 1, what we are starting with is the ion, so we're starting with a 2 s electron, 2 s 1 and then we're going to 2 s 1 here.

在正一价硼中，我们面对的是这个离子，本来就应该从，2，s，电子开始，然后这里变成。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

So let's think about the energy required now to remove a 2 s electron, let's say we're removing it from boron plus 1 versus neutral boron.

那么让我们来想一想,拿走一个，2，s，电子所消耗的能量，假设一个是从正一价硼离子中拿走1,另一个是从中性硼原子中拿走。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选