If nothing is touching the body, there are no forces on it, with one exception which is, of course, gravity.
如果没有实体接触,那么它就不受作用力,当然一个例外那就是引力
There are some exceptions, which we'll get to later, but the only a big exception here is with hydrogen, which has a special stability that's associated with two electrons.
但也有一些例外我们将以后再讲,但这里只有一个较大的例外,氢,它的稳定性比较特殊,只需要两个电子。
Every force, with one exception, can be seen as a force due to direct contact with the body.
除了一个例外,其它所有力必须要和物体有直接接触
A seeming exception is the fact that sometimes individuals can, through the exertion of their influence and prestige, actually change the way we speak about things.
也许有一个例外,有人的确看上去能用个人声望和影响,左右我们说话的方式。
For some others it might mean being basically restricted to the home, if not all the time, then the only exception being in public, in the company of a close-male relative as chaperon.
在一些别的地方可能意味着,基本上深居简出,即使不是一天到晚,也只有外出是例外,而且必须有一个男性近亲作监护人陪同。
With one exception, I won't be spending very much time talking about the readings.
但是有一个例外,我不会花很多时间讨论阅读材料的内容。
There is one exception. In the sixth century, I think it's around--imagine around 550 or something like that, the Greeks settle a single colony in the Delta of the Nile of Egypt at a place called Naucratis, and the root of that word is ship.
但有一个例外,在公元前六世纪,我想大概是,在公元前550年左右,希腊在埃及尼罗河三角洲,一个叫诺克拉提斯的地方建立了殖民地,Naucratis的意思就是船
But what I'm going to tell you already is this is a case where, in fact, it's an exception to the idea that the lowest energy structure has the lowest ionization energy in the middle, and we can figure this out when we look at formal charge.
但是我已经告诉大家这个例子,实际上,是中心原子电离能最低的结构,的能量最低这一思路的一个例外,我们可以通过形式电荷看出这一点。
So you're going to need to remember, so this is an exception, you have to memorize.
所以你们需要记住,这是一个例外,你们应该记住。
So this is the first exception that you need to the Aufbau principle.
这第一个例外,你需要用奥弗堡原理。
Remember that when we're talking about 4s1, 3d10, that's one of those exceptions where a completely filled d orbital is more stable than we would expect.
回想上节课的内容我们知道,当我们讨论4s1,3d10,的时候,这是其中一个例外的情况,当,d,轨道全满的时候,电子排布要比我们想象的更加稳定。
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