Peter's new fleet, we'll talk about his new fleet, which he oversaw and, in a very minor way, helped build himself, sails down the Don River in 1698 and takes the Turkish port of Azov, A-Z-O-V, on the Sea of Azov.

我们接下来讲讲彼得的新舰队,尽管影响不大,但他亲自监督,并且参与组建了这个舰队,舰队于1698年沿顿河顺流而下,直取土耳其的亚速港,在亚速海上

耶鲁公开课 - 欧洲文明课程节选

So z equals 7 -- this is the cut-off where, in fact, the sigma orbital is going to be higher in energy than the pi 2 p orbitals.

所以z等于7-这是分界点，实际上，sigma轨道能量,要比π2p轨道高。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

Um-hmm. So, it's going to be the y z nodal plane, or in other words, we can say it's any place where phi is equal to 90 degrees.

嗯，是ｙｚ平面，换句话说，是在phi等于９０度的面。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

So what we can say is look at each of these separately, so if we start with looking at the 2 p z orbital, the highest probability of finding an electron in the 2 p z orbital, is going to be along this z-axis.

我们可以来分别看看这些图，首先来看看2pz轨道，在2pz轨道里,找到电子的最大概率，是沿着ｚ轴。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

So, essentially when we're talking about these equations up here, all we're doing is talking about the regular Rydberg formulas, but instead we could go back and re-derive the equation for any one electron atom, which would just mean that we put that z squared term in the front.

所以本质上,当我们讨论，这些问题时，我们说的是常规的，Rydberg公式，但对任何其他单电子原子，我们不用,从头再推到，而是仅仅把，z平方项放在前面。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

And the reason is simply because the energy that Z we gain in terms of moving up in z, 5 so from going to z equals 4 to z equals 5, -- is actually outweighed by the energy it takes to go into this new shell, to go into this new sub shell.

原因很简单,就是因为我们通过提升，所得到的能量--从，Z，等于，4，到，Z，等于，事实上比填充到这个新的壳层,新的亚壳层，所消耗的能量更多。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选