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"If you're taking out the saturated fat, what are you replacing it with?" And it doesn't mean we have to spend a lot of time parsing the nutritional labeling that is now on packaged foods in many countries.
VOA: standard.2010.03.25
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Okay, so if you're underweight your body is depleting its fat stores and therefore that may make you unhealthy.
你的看法是如果体重过轻,身体会把储存的脂肪消耗尽,因此导致了健康问题
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And if you want to lose body fat as far as that kind of weight, that's the way to do it.
如果你想要减掉脂肪和重量，这就是方法。
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Fatty acid chains are fat molecules, they behave, if you have a lot of them in solution like oil.
脂肪酸链就是脂肪分子,它们看上去好像,如果你见过富含脂类的溶液,比如油
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So how many calories, and how much fat, how many grams of fat would you say are in the following foods?
你们认为以下食物中,有多少卡路里,多少克脂肪
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This refers to random variables that have fat-tailed distributions-- random variables that occasionally give you really big outcomes.
这就表示,服从长尾分布的随机变量,这些数据出现极端值的概率比较大
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Don't you know who the Fat Lady really is?
你们难道不知道谁是胖太太吗？
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The answer is 2200 liters of barley, 526 of olives, 468 of wine--I hope you remember all this; fifteen rams, one fat hog, one cow, and two bulls.
答案是两千二百升大麦,五百二十六个橄榄,四百六十八桶酒--我希望你们全能记住,十五头公羊,一头肥猪,一头母牛和两头公牛
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I don't think that's a very good reason because you choose to- either way you have to choose who dies because you either choose to turn and kill the person, which is an act of conscious thought to turn, or you choose to push the fat man over which is also an active, conscious action.
我认为这不是一个很好的理由,因为不论哪种情况，你都得选择让谁死,或者你是选择转弯撞死一名工人，这种转弯就是种有意识的行为，或者你是选择把胖子推下去,这同样是一种主动的，有意识的行为。
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Too many fat people in the United States, so this will help them keep thin, you know.
美国有太多肥胖的人了，这样可以帮助他们保持苗条。
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you're going to release hormones like testosterone and GH, which oxidizes fat for energy.
你就会分泌出像睾丸酮和生长激素那样的激素，把你的脂肪氧化成能量。
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How many grams of fat would you have-- would you say this has and how many calories?
你们认为这种食物有多少克脂肪,含多少卡路里
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Okay, so which is worse: polyunsaturated fat, monounsaturated fat, or both are pretty good for you?
请回答哪个更有害,多不饱和脂肪,单不饱和脂肪,或者是两个都对健康有益
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You can smell the bacon when people make it in the morning, the idea of French fries cooked in fat becomes appealing to people.
早上有人在烤肉时,你能闻到香味,富含脂肪的炸薯条对人很有吸引
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But if you put a less healthy fat in you get some improvement but less.
如果加入的是不那么健康的脂肪,那么对食物质量的改善就很有限
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If we look at our different foods and we look at the calories and the fat and how it all stacks up, here's what you get.
让我们看看刚才提到的食物,看看卡路里和脂肪,数据累积相加,这是得到的结果
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Alright, how many of you would say a low fat diet is best?
好了,多少人支持低脂饮食
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You have a chance of being way out here with a fat-tailed distribution.
很有可能在,长尾分布的这里
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Or you might have to look at the fat tail.
或研究长尾分布
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Given these relationships between diet and health -you've got too few calories are bad, too many calories are bad, too much fat is bad, other things are good-- then, what should people eat?
考虑到饮食和健康的密切关系,比如热量摄入过低不健康,摄入过高也不健康,脂肪过多不健康,还有些东西是健康的,那么,人们到底应该吃什么呢
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And the fact is, food is healthier if it has less trans fat, but it depends on what fat's swapped out for it, because if you put a healthier fat in then it's--then you get a certain amount of improvement.
事实是,如果食物中反式脂肪的含量较低,确实会更健康,但这取决于被剔除的脂肪种类,因为如果加入较为健康的脂肪,食物的质量会获得一定程度的改善
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But the hypothesis was based on this association more or less, that looked at the rates of breast cancer across different countries and how much dietary fat those countries consumed and so you get a nice little scatter plot.
但以上假说,多少也基于一些合作研究,看看乳腺癌在不同国家,的发病率,那些国家在饮食中摄入了多少脂肪,然后就会得到一个不错的散点图
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If you look at certain parts of this, like fat and added sugar, you have 5% is the recommended amount of sugar and fat added to food, but the actual amount is between the sugar and the fat put together is 48%.
如果你仔细看看某些部分,比如脂肪和额外糖分这项,食物中添加脂肪和糖的推荐量5%,而实际添加量,二者合计是48%
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If you take in more calories than you consume, it gets stored in the fat cells, that's the energy bank that you can draw upon if you don't have enough food and starvation or famine were an issue.
如果你摄入的热量超过消耗的,热量就会存储在脂肪细胞中,这就是能量库,你可以在,食物不够以及饥饿或饥荒的时候利用它
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If you change the animal's environment and you give it access to these sort of foods, and these are the pictures that I showed in the first class, and you remember I asked you what constituents of this diet promoted obesity and you said it was fat, sugar, and variety that was correct.
如果你改变动物所在环境,再给它们这些食物,这些图片我们在第一课见到过,我问过这些食物中哪些成分使人发胖,你们说脂肪,糖和其他成分,没错
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So which of these things do you think is worse for your health: Trans fat or saturated fat?
你认为以下哪种物质对健康更有害,反式脂肪还是饱和脂肪
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Now, why the Fat Lady? It's this mythical, incredibly humanly embodied-- whenever you see a fat lady in a novel, one of the first things you want to ask is: why does that person need to be excessively embodied?
现在，为什么是胖太太，这是个神话，人们呈现了，无论你什么时候看到一个胖太太,在小说里，你首先会想问：,为什么那个人需要被这样过多的描写呢？
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The opposite leaflet does the other thing, the water soluble part points down and the fat points up, so now you have thin region of fat which is surrounded on both sides by water.
相反的部位则有不同的情况,水溶性部分向下,而脂肪向上,所以现在就得到了,两侧均被水包围的薄层脂肪区域
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All right. - So you have the choice of becoming involved or not by pushing the fat man. - All right.
好了，-所以你有权选择是否把胖子推下去,从而牵涉其中，-好了。
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You can see that the dash distribution I drew has more out in the tails, so we call it fat-tailed.
你们可以看到,虚线画的这个分布,尾部要长很多,所以我们叫它长尾分布
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