So instead of v bar, we write p v bar minus b, equal r t.

现在考虑，这些气体分子之间。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

V So this nR over V. And then, using the relation again, T we can just write this as p over T.

恒定温度下的dp/dT等于nR除以，再次利用状态方程，可以把它写成p除以。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

So here we're talking about v plus 1, so if we were to write it just for the neutral electron itself, we would find that the electron configuration is argon, that's the filled shell in front of it.

这里我们要分析的是正一价的钒离子，因此，我们先写出中性原子的电子排布，可以发现，其原子实是氩原子的电子排布，这些壳层已经被占满了。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

Then, you can then understand that v is what b is, which we write as v0.

然后你现在就可以知道,v就是系数b,我们记作v0

耶鲁公开课 - 基础物理课程节选

But now, I can also write it as v^2 over R.

但现在我也可以写成 v^2 / R

耶鲁公开课 - 基础物理课程节选

OK, so for a constant volume process, du we can write du, partial derivative of dT u with respect to T at constant V, dT, dv plus partial derivative of u at constant V, dV.

好，对于一个恒定体积的过程，我们可以写出,等于偏u偏T，V不变，加上偏u偏V，T不变。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

If you want to write it as a vector equation, you want to write it as v square over r minus-- I want to say that it's pointing in the direction toward the center.

如果要写出矢量方程,就应该写成 -v^2 / r,也就是说,方向就向圆心

耶鲁公开课 - 基础物理课程节选