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And specifically, when we talk about ionization energy, it's assumed that what we mean is actually the first ionization energy.
特别地，当我们讨论电离能的时候，我们默认,这指的是第一电离能。
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It's... I mean, this is what we need to be doing.
这就是我们需要做的。
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And by that what we mean is that they're absolutely identical, and it turns out that this here is not a double bond, it's not a single bond either, it's actually something in between.
这意味着它们是绝对完全相同的，实际情况应该是这不是一个双键，这也不是一个单键，而是介于两者之间的状态。
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Consciousness, if what we mean by consciousness is this qualitative aspect of our mental life, consciousness remains a pretty big mystery.
如果我们所说的意识,就是指我们心理活动定性的方面,那么意识还是一个很大的谜团
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There are only three assignments: two six-page papers, that I'll explain how to do. One is a exegesis paper, and we'll spend a whole section discussion talking about what we mean by exegesis and teaching you how to do it.
有三项作业：2篇6页论文，我会讲具体要求的，一篇是注释论文，我们花一整节讨论课,讲什么是注释，如何写注释论文。
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Well, let's do the smoke test number one: is the mean more or less what we expected?
好了，让我们先做1号发烟测试：,这个平均值是和我们想要的答案差不多吗？
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I mean what are the criteria by which we could judge whether the university is just?
比如说什么是评价,一个大学是否公正的条件？
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and specifically what I mean is we can ask questions like what the neuro substrates support desire?
而且特别值得一提的是，我们可以问以下问题,哪些神经物质让人产生欲望？
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I mean, the atom has a tiny mass, too, but what we are saying is compared to the totaled atomic mass, the mass of the electron is tiny.
我的意思是，原子的质量也很小，但是我们说的是,和整个原子质量相比，电子的质量是很小的。
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That is Hirsch's other key position, and we can understand it by saying something like this: the meaning of a text is what the author intended it to mean -that is to say, what we can establish with a reliable paraphrase.
这就是赫施的另一个重要观点，我们可以这样理解它：,文章的意思是作者想要表达的,即我们通过适当的释意能够想到的。
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Musical notation is a particularly Western phenomenon and when you stop and think about it only we in the West, and by West what I mean is the United States and Canada and Western Europe and Russia, parts of South America, only we use musical notation and we use it principally for our high art music.
音乐记谱法是西方所特有的,你可以停下好好想想,只有我们这些土生土长的西方人,所谓西方,我指的是美国,加拿大,还有西欧和俄罗斯,包括一部分南美国家,只有我们使用音乐记谱法,并且我们把音乐记谱法应用于高雅音乐
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A-Yes, so this is what you mean by the parodying shift that we need, A-desperately need in our foreign policy B-Yes.
所以这是您所说的,我们所需要的转变，我们在外交政策方面急需做出的转变。
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So now what we're going to do is start to extract what these things mean.
因此下一部要开始做的,就是从这些量里提取出它们的物理意义。
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Strictly speaking, what do we mean when we say somebody is Greek?
那从严格意义上来说,什么样的人我们说才算是希腊人呢
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What we want to do now is compute the mean and variance of the portfolio-- or the mean and standard deviation, since standard deviation is the square root of the variance-- for different combinations of the portfolios.
我们现在要做的是,计算这个投资组合的均值和方差-,或者均值和标准差，因为标准差的平方就等于方差-,这对任何投资组合都是一样的。
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And when we say lower in energy, of course, what we mean is more negative.
当然当我们说能量更低时，我们的意思是更为不活跃。
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So,all this is,is just,as we begin to ask ourselves, what could it possible mean when people say everyone dies alone?
所以我们要开始问自己，人们说他们孤独而死的时候是什么意思？
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Talk of all of those things is what we mean by the mind, but there's no extra thing, the mind, above and beyond the body.
这些能力才是心灵所表达的对象,但是离开肉体,心灵就没有意义了
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And when we look at this, it's actually split by what's called a nodal plane, which is pointed out in light orange here on this picture, but what we just mean is that there is this whole plane that separates the two lobes where there is absolutely no electron density.
我们来看这里，实际上它被一个节面分开，在这图里用淡黄色表示，这意味着这个分开,两个叶瓣的平面上,是完全没有电子密度的。
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OK. So to do this, we're going to have to do a couple of things. All right, the first one is, what do we mean by input size?
好，为了实现这种方法我们,有些事情要做，第一件事情就是，当我们说到输入的大小的时候代表了什么呢？
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So maybe if we want to say machines don't have a mental life and couldn't have a mental life, what we really mean is no machine could feel anything emotionally.
所以如果我们说机器,没有也不可能有精神生活,我们真正的意思是,机器不能对事物产生情绪
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We've got a lot of constants in this solution to the hydrogen atom, and we know what most of these mean. But remember that this whole term in green here is what is going to be equal to that binding energy between the nucleus of a hydrogen atom and the electron.
在这个解中有很多常数,其中大部分我们,都知道它们代表的意思,但记住是这整个绿色的部分,等于核子和电子的结合能。
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Still, that's not a world in which the Morning Star doesn't exist, given that what we mean by the Morning Star is that heavenly object, whatever it is, that in this world we pick out at that time in the morning looking up at the sky.
但这并不是意味着,晨星在这个世界不存在,如果给定了晨星的意思就是,一个这样的天体,不管它到底是什么,在这个世界上,在早晨的那个时候我们仰望天空,就能看到的那个天体
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In particular, do we have souls, and for this class when I talk about a soul, what I'm going to mean is sort of a bit of philosophical jargon.
特别是，我们有灵魂吗，在这节课上，当我说到灵魂，我的意思是带有一些术语味道的。
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If what we mean is the mental, but that the aspect, the behavioral aspect of the mental, where even a chess-playing computer probably has it, then that's not a very compelling argument.
如果我们说的是精神的某个方面,即精神的表现面,是一个甚至连象棋程序都可能拥有的方面,那这就不是一个令人信服的论点
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Things I want to make sure we all understand what they mean. Validation is a process.
我想确定我们都能明白它们的意思,验证是一个过程。
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We also talked about well, what is that when we say wave function, what does that actually mean?
我们还说了，当我们讨论波函数时，它到底有什么意义？
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So what does it mean to read the New Testament as scripture is not something we're going to really pursue in this class, because this is not a religious community.
所以将新约作为宗教圣典阅读,不是本课程的宗旨，因为这里不是宗教团体。
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Because what we were just stipulating we mean when we talk about my death in the context of this question is the death of my body. No harm done.
因为我们刚刚明确指出,在这里所说的死亡,指的是肉体的死亡
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So that is what we mean by the hoplite phalanx.
这就是我们所说的重步兵方阵的含义
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