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Koesmayadi says football helps the community see the players for what they can achieve and helps players take charge of their lives.
VOA: standard.2010.04.01
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So why don't you tell me what the formal charge should be on the sulfur atom of thionyl chloride?
那么请大家来告诉我亚硫酰氯中,的硫原子应该有多少形式电荷？
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So, if we compare the sulfur to the oxygen, the oxygen it turns out is more electronegative and that is what holds the negative charge in this molecule.
因此，如果我们来比一下硫和氧，氧应该有更高的电负性,而在这个分子中它确实有负的电荷。
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"What I have learned is since no one asked investigators or people in charge there, they were not able to facilitate this because they were not asked to do so,"
VOA: standard.2009.05.25
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What people did is they said let's define a unit of energy that represents a unit charge accelerated across a unit potential difference, and let's call that the electron volt.
前人们所做的就是他们说让我们确定,一个能量单位用来代表一单位电荷,加速穿过形成的一单位电势差，我们叫它电子伏特。
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Well, those hedge funds charge enormously more than what a standard manager of marketable securities' charges.
那些对冲基金经理的收费,远比证券投资经理的收费高
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If I'm the general and so I say -- what do I say? Charge!
比如我是将军,我下命令,什么命令呢,"冲锋"
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And what if I took a unit charge and I multiplied it times unit voltage, one volt?
如果我取个元负荷,让它乘上个电压单位，一伏特？
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We said that that second electron was so far out of the picture, that it had absolutely no affect on what the charge was felt by that first electron.
我们说第二个电子远离这张图片,这样它就彻底的对,第一个电子感觉到的电荷没有影响了,所以。
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So, the question then is what is the spatial distribution of charge inside the atom?
因此，接下来的问题是,原子内部的电荷,在空间如何分布？
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So what we see is that the formal charge on the nitrogen is 0.
因此我们看到氮的形式电荷是零。
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Unit charge times unit voltage then would give me what?
单位电荷乘以单位电压会得到什么呢？
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And what's important to keep in mind about formal charge is if we have a neutral atom, such as we did in thionyl chloride here, the sum of the individual formal charges on individual atoms within the molecule have to equal 0.
而关于形式电荷记住一点是很重要的,那就是如果我们有一个中性原子，比如亚硫酰氯，那么这个分子中的所有原子的,形式电荷之和应该等于零。
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And what you find out if you do these calculations, is that you have a negative 1 for your formal charge on nitrogen, you have a negative 2 for your formal charge on carbon, and you have a positive 2 for your formal charge on sulfur.
而如果你做了这些计算会发现，氮的形式电荷量为负一，碳的形式电荷量为负二，而硫的形式电荷量为正二。
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So, we can say that -- if we have neon here and we want to think about what's isoelectronic, -- f minus would be isoelectronic. We also have oxygen -- what would the charge on oxygen be? Um-hmm, right. 2 minus.
那么，我们可以说--如果我们这里有氖原子,而我们想知道与它等电子的是什么，负一价的氟离子就是与它等电子的，我们还有氧-,氧应该是几价的？没错，负二价。
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To charge each other, is that what you're saying?
你是说相互进攻吗,是这样吗
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So that means if we add up all of the formal charges within the molecule, what we would expect to see is that they sum up to give a net charge of negative 1.
那么这就意味着如果我们把这个分子中,所有的形式电荷加起来，我们应该会看到它们加起来,之后得到的净电荷量为负一。
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So what is the charge on a helium nucleus?
那么氦原子核的电荷量是多少呢？
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What is the unit of charge in SI? Coulomb.
国际单位制中的电荷单位是什么，库仑。
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What is the charge of the nucleus?
原子核的电荷量是多少？
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What is the unit charge?
什么是元负荷？
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Often a good thing to start with is to put the lowest ionization energy atom in the middle, and if you don't have charge separation then go with that structure, but if you do find you have a lot of separation, such as the case in negative 2, positive 2, and minus 1, then you want to say wait a second, this is really bad in terms of formal charge, let me go ahead and see what other options I have here.
通常一开始把电离能最低的原子,放在中心位置就很好了，如果你发现电荷没有分开,那么这个结构就没问题了，但是如果你发现有很多分开的电荷，比如这种情况，有负二，正二和负一，那么你会想要说等一下，从形式电荷来看这很不好，让我去看看其它可能的选择。
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So what we see is that structure a is the most stable because we have the least separation of charge in the case of structure a.
因此我们看到结构，A，应该是最稳定的,因为这种情况下,分开的电荷最少。
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2 So what we end up saying is that the z effective or the effective charge that that first electron feels is now going to be plus 2.
第一个电子感觉到的有效的z或者有效电荷现在是,我们再一次将它带入我们的方程。
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