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That is to say, if something causes literature, there must be some sort of authority behind it and therefore we find ourselves asking, "What is an author?"
即是说，如果文学有缘由的，它的背后一定存在作者,所以我们会问，“作者是谁？“
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In the case of Leviathan, I would suggest to you, Hobbes' central question is, ? what makes authority possible?
至于《利维坦》，我要向你们说明，霍布斯的中心问题是，是什么使得权力成为可能？
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This is a scene of whether you as a writer compromise yourself in the face of authority that resists what you want to say.
场景是作者在面临权威坚持提出反对意见时,是否妥协你想要表达的内容。
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Milton has expended, we know, a considerable amount of energy in establishing what he wants us, I am assuming, to believe is the divine authority behind the poem.
我们知道弥尔顿花费了，大量精力阐释他希望我们相信的东西，我设想，他要我们相信在这部诗篇的背后有无上神权的存在。
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What these kings do, these kings and queens is they get rid of these impediments to their authority.
这些国王和女王们,扫清障碍以巩固王位
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But the crucial thing hasn't yet happened, because after all, in all of these accounts, even that of Hegel, there is no doubt about the authority of consciousness to think what it thinks.
但重要的事情仍未发生，因为毕竟刚刚讲过的所有思想，甚至是黑格尔的，也没有,质疑意识思考所思之物的权威。
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But, they're what we have and I think that we should probably give them the authority to do that job and I think that's what we need to do.
但是，我们能依靠的只有政府了,我想我们也许应该赋予他们,调节市场的权利,这也是我们所需要做的。
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You might say, of course the question, what renders authority legitimate, is only possible, or is only raised when authority is in question.
你们可能会说，这个问题当然是，如何使权力合法化这个问题，当然是可能的，或者说当权力出现问题的时候这个问题会自然出现。
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What's important for our immediate purposes is her identification of Milton as a cultural authority.
这里重要的，我想引起你们注意的是,恰德莱将弥尔顿定位为一个文化权威。
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We are what we are because of the power and authority of the laws, the customs, the traditions, the culture that has shaped us.
我们的存在,是因为法律，习俗，传统及文化的职权与威信,这些形塑了我们。
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And, again, that is not just what constitutes authority, but what makes authority legitimate.
这已不仅仅是如何构成权力，而是怎样使权力合法化。
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And sometimes had them killed if he had to if he thought that's what he should do, because there wasn't any sort of challenge to his authority.
如果有必要,他甚至会杀掉那些碍事的议员,因为没有什么可以挑战他的权威
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And, in that respect, Hobbes' sovereign has many of the features or characteristics that we come to associate with what we call modern executive power or executive authority.
从这个意义上讲,霍布斯的君主权力论,与我们现代所讲的,行政权和行政机关,有很多相似的特性。
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People there and here struggle with what would constitute a legitimate authority.
那里的人们挣扎着,试图去发现能组成合法权力的力量。
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Maybe the question is, ? what makes legitimate authority possible?
或许这个问题是，是什么使得合法的权力成为可能？
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What renders authority legitimate or respectable?
什么使得权力合法化并让人敬仰？
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What is the source of authority?
权力的源泉在哪里？
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