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After watching that video, we decided to start a business to provide them with fair prices,"
VOA: standard.2009.12.04
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What we're going to start with is discussing photoelectron spectroscopy, which is a spectroscopy technique that will give us some information about energy levels in multielectron atoms.
首先，我们将讨论,光电子能谱，通过这种技术,我们能够得到多电子原子的能级信息。
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So, normally at this point, we do actually start class with a little bit of history from alchemy to modern chemistry, but I decided to skip that this year.
通常在这个时候,我们要从一些从炼金术,到现代化学的历史出发正式开始我们的课程。
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And we think that we must start immediately with direct talks.
VOA: standard.2010.07.28
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It turns out not, but it does evince the fact that we have some basic syntax like mathematics and equal signs and whatnot with which we can now start using for more useful purposes.
结果不是那样的，但这的确有个事实,我们有些基本的运算法则和等号和,其他一些东西，用来为我们一些,更多有用的目的而服务的。
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"It was like a giant jigsaw puzzle and the more we started to unearth and peel back the onion of who this guy was and what happened to him in the past and trying to truly understand the reason why he would be so obsessed with a specific case once we start to uncover these things about him we realized that once we explain one set of circumstances we needed to go even further with another set of circumstances."
VOA: standard.2010.02.27
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And then we're going to turn to the question of efficiency. How do we measure efficiency of algorithms? Which is going to be a really important thing that we want to deal with, and we'll start it today, it's undoubtedly going to take us a couple more lectures to finish it off.
然后我们会回头继续讨论效率问题,我们如何计算算法的效率？,我们处理这些问题的时候,最重要的事情是什么？,我们今天要去讨论这个问题，毫无疑问我们要用,挺多节课来学习这个。
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And I'll start with the topic that we'll be covering next week on Monday This is a brain.
我以我们下周一要讨论的主题,作为开始,这是一个大脑
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So first, let's start with the one that we already know, and make sure that it still works, starting from here, mainly our isolated system.
首先，我们从我们已知的一个例子入手，看看这个判据是否正确，从绝热系统出发。
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We won't have to count quite that long, but even before we count, we've got to figure out what the meter of the music is, so let's start with that now.
我们不用打那么长的拍子,而且在我们打拍子之前,我们需要先弄清楚音乐的拍子是什么,我们从这个开始
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That's the argument we'll start with next time.
这将作为我们下次课讨论的论点
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So let's go ahead and introduce a couple other capabilities so that we can finally start writing programs that maybe print out charts or interact with the user, play games, or the like.
让我们继续来介绍其他几个功能,以便我们最终能开始写程序,那样可以打印图表或与用户交互，打游戏之类的。
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They're not interacting at all so that's why the energy is the same as that for two individual atoms, that's what we're dealing with. As we get closer together, we start get lower and lower in energy.
它们之间没有任何相互作用，因此,体系的能量就等于两个分开的原子的能量，这就是我们要处理的，而随着我们的距离越来越近，我们的能量开始变得越来越低。
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And we're going to start with one that you many of you, have already bumped into perhaps by accident, which are lists.
曾经遇到过的,可能是偶然遇到的类型来开始,就是数组，数组和字符串类型。
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So what we'll start with today is talking about the technique that's primarily used to actually experimentally figure out what these different energy levels are.
因此，我们今天首先要讨论的就是,最常用来在实验上,确定不同能级的技术。
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Because step five is that we need to fill in our bonding electrons, and we start it with filling in two electrons per bond.
因为第五步要做的是将我们的成键电子填在这，所以我们开始在每个键处填上两个电子。
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All right. So before we start in with today's notes, I do want to mention that this morning the Nobel Prize in chemistry was announced.
好的，在开始今天的课之前，我要说一下今天早上,公布了诺贝尔化学奖。
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You start off with a transition period when you're falling asleep. We call that stage I.
一开始是过渡期,你开始进入睡眠状态，这是第一阶段。
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See you Friday. We'll finish on calorimetry and thermochemistry and then we'll start in on one of the really most difficult topics that we'll deal with all semester, which is a second law and our special function that
好，我们周五见,我们会讲完量热法,和热化学的内容，然后我们会开始,讲这个学期最难的话题之一,第二定律以及我们
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So, if we start instead with talking about the energy levels, we can relate these to frequency, because we already said that frequency is related to, or it's equal to the initial energy level here minus the final energy level there over Planck's constant to get us to frequency.
如果我们从讨论能级开始，我们可以联系到频率上,因为我们说过频率和能量相关,或者说等于初始能量,减去末态能量除以普朗克常数。
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Typically up till now, we've looked at things that can be done in sublinear time. Or, at worst, polynomial time. We'll now look at a problem that does not fall into that. And we'll start with what's called the continuous knapsack problem.
至今为止我们已经处理过,亚线性问题，最多也就是多项式问题,我们现在要看的问题则是不能用这些解决的,我们将要开始讲连续背包问题。
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Now this is a good place to start, because we are very familiar with ionization energy, we've been talking about it it's that minimum energy required to remove an electron from an atom.
现在这是一个开始下面内容的好地方，因为我们已经很熟悉电离能了，我们从很久以前就一直在讨论,它是从一个原子中,拿走一个电子所需要消耗的最低能量。
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All right, so we can go to today's notes, and in terms of the notes, what we're going to start with is finishing material that's going to be relevant for exam 1, and I told you on Wednesday that actually I'd give you some information today in terms of what you need to do to prepare for exam 1.
好，下面我们进入今天的讲义内容，而依照讲义，我们今天首先,要把第一次考试要求的最后一部分内容讲完，而且我周三曾经告诉过大家,我会在今天把一些信息告诉大家,是关于如何准备第一次考试的。
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we start high and go low, we're dealing with emission where we have excess energy that the electron's giving off, and that energy is going to be equal the energy of the photon that is released and, of course, through our equations we know how to get from energy to frequency or to wavelength of the photon.
当我们从高到低时，我们说的,是发射,电子有多余的能量给出，这个能量等于，发出,光子的能量，当然我们可以通过方程,从能量知道，光子的频率，和波长。
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Now we're going to start in with that pi 2 p orbitals, which gives us 1 each, and then two each in those, we'll go up to our sigma 2 p z orbital.
现在我们要填π2p轨道，每个1个，然后每个2个，我们我们填sigma2pz轨道。
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So this is our final equation, and this is actually called the Balmer series, which was named after Balmer, and this tells us the frequency of any of the lights where we start with an electron in some higher energy level and we drop down to an n final that's equal to 2.
把2代入到这里，所以得到1除以,这就是我们最终的方程，这叫做Balmer系，以Balmer名字命名的,它告诉我们从高能级掉到n等于2的,最终能级所发出光的频率。
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But instead in this chemistry course, I will just tell you the solutions to differential equations. And what we can do is we can start with some initial value of r, and here I write r being ten angstroms. That's a good approximation when we're talking about atoms because that's about the size of and atom.
但在这个课里，我会直接，告诉你们微分方程的解,我们可以给距离r一个初始值,我这里把r取10埃,当我们讨论原子时,这是一个很好的近似,因为原子的尺寸。
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Oh, and actually before you skip your page in the notes, I realized I should write out for you what the addition is to start with. So, when we're combining two waves, 1sb what we have is 1 s a that we're adding together with 1 s for b, the second atom.
在你们翻过这页讲义之前，我觉得我应该写出加法,当我们把两个波函数放在一起时，我们用1sa加上，第二个原子。
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