no surprise] as we refer to the objects they are meant to present - a defect in a literary text."

当我们讲到它们所想要表现的东西时,但这正是文学作品的一个缺点“

耶鲁公开课 - 文学理论导论课程节选

Sometimes we refer to them as "great books"-- in other words, the sort of text that speaks, or we feel as though it's speaking, to all places and times.

有时我们把这些称作为“伟大的书“,也就是说，在各个时空都有影响力的那些作品。

耶鲁公开课 - 文学理论导论课程节选

In England, I think we refer to these guys - whether it's technical or not - as "Evil gits."

在英格兰,我们把这种人叫,自私鬼,不知道这算不算术语

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

So: the great civilizations of ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia and the area we refer to as the Fertile Crescent, of which a little part here about the size of Rhode Island is Canaan.

古埃及，美索不达米亚地区,我们称之为新月沃地，这里的这一小部分,跟罗德州岛差不多大的是迦南。

耶鲁公开课 - 旧约导论课程节选

It sort of opens things up, and we refer to this as the antecedent phrase.

可以说是开启一切,我们可以把它当做先行乐句

耶鲁公开课 - 聆听音乐课程节选

For example, if we talk about photons, of course, we also just mean light, sometimes we refer to this as electromagnetic radiation, and there's several ways that you might be asked this in a problem or that you might be asked to answer.

举例来说，如果我们讨论光子，当然我们也叫做光，有时候我们看作是电磁辐射，而且这里有几种方式,你可能会在题目中被问到,或者被提问回答。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

We refer to the bonds that they issue as municipal bonds.

地方政府发行的债券称为市政债券

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

We have a table of the elements with properties varying periodically with atomic mass, so we compress all of that information and refer to it as the Periodic Table.

我们有一个元素表，其中的元素的特性,随着原子质量的改变而引起周期性的变化，所以我们将所有的信息精简,将它变成一个周期表。

麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选

They wake up.We need some way to refer to these people, so we can start talking about who they are.

他们醒来之后，我们需要让人们，了解这种情况以便探讨他们是谁。

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

I want to talk about efficiency, and we're going to, or at least I'm going to, at times also refer to this as orders of growth, for reasons that you'll see over the next few minutes.

为什么是很有价值的，我想要讨论下效率，我们将会，或者至少我将会不时的，提到有序的增长,原因你们很快就会明白的。

麻省理工公开课 - 计算机科学及编程导论课程节选

We tend to use the term to refer to information we have about categories and intuitions we have about the typicality, our frequency of certain features of categories.

我们会用这个词来代表,我们对某些类别掌握的信息,用它来指代我们掌握典型性的直觉，指代某个类别反复出现的特性。

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选

Right? The state of nature is not seen by him as an actual historical condition in some ways, although he occasionally will refer to what we might think of as anthropological evidence to support his views on the state of nature.

他并不是把自然状态理解为,某种方式的实际的历史性的状态，即使他偶然性地,用人类学的证据,去支持他自然状态的观点。

耶鲁公开课 - 政治哲学导论课程节选

If you look at Greece in this period, I don't know if I've used this term before, but some scholars refer to this general period we're talking about as the Greek renaissance by analogy to the renaissance in Italy.

如果纵观这个时期的希腊,我不知道以前是否用过这个定义,但一些学者,用意大利文艺复兴来比喻这个时期,把它称作希腊的文艺复兴

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选

So the Diadokhoi, the Greek plural of Diadochi, as we often refer to it, ended up splitting his army into four parts and four dynasties descending from the four successors.

所以这四个Diadokhoi，也就是Diadochi的复数形式，我们通常用这个词，最终将他的军队分割为四个部分,由此产生了四个王朝。

耶鲁公开课 - 新约课程节选

When I refer to my car as opposed to what we could doubt: the car stage or the car slice.

当我提到我的车,对照一下有疑问的地方：,车的阶段或者部分。

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

When we talk about space, what we usually refer to is, how much computer memory does it take to complete a computation of a particular size?

我们经常指的是，当我们计算，一个特定大小的问题的时候,要占用计算机的多少内存？

麻省理工公开课 - 计算机科学及编程导论课程节选

So let's start somewhere; what we're going to do is we'll refer back to this other picture, which is why I left it here.

就从这里开始着手吧,我们先来参考一下之前的图像,所以我之前没有擦掉它

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

We don't refer--we have no reason to refer, - if we respect the autonomy of the poem as such, we don't refer-- we don't appeal to an authorial intention.

我们不能，我是说如果我们尊重，诗歌的意志自由的话，我们不能也没有理由-,为诗歌加上作者的意图。

耶鲁公开课 - 文学理论导论课程节选

If language can refer to just about everything from English to traffic signals, then we're not going to be able to find interesting generalizations or do good science about it.

如果语言能够表示一切,从英语到交通信号,那我们就无法得出各种有趣的概论,或是无法对语言进行科学的研究

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选

Stagflation was a term that was developed in the 1970s to refer to a time when inflation is we have both high inflation and high unemployment; and so we're in that situation apparently again.

这种现象有个名字，叫做滞胀,滞胀是一个在二十世纪七十年代,发展出来的术语,指的是通货膨胀中的一段时间;,我们同时有高的通货膨胀和高的失业率；

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

Well, yes, they do, so why don't we call that to which they refer -for example, in the case of socialist realism or indeed realism of any kind, why don't we call that to which they refer the "society function"?

是的，的确是这样，我们为什么不把他们都称为,无论是在社会主义现实主义,还是任何一种其他的现实主义下，称为社会功能？

耶鲁公开课 - 文学理论导论课程节选

Myth is a term we use to refer to a traditional story.

我们经常用杜撰故事来讲那些传统事件。

耶鲁公开课 - 旧约导论课程节选