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"Our effort here in writing this letter is just urging caution because we're hoping that with the new administration, we will have an administration that will lend itself more to diplomacy and working through other means rather than always military confrontation,".
VOA: standard.2009.03.17
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It looks like we're cut off the screen a little bit here, but you can see I've just circled it there.
看起来我们屏幕的边缘部分有些没显示，但是大家可以看到我刚才把它圈出来了。
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Nicole just moved from Hawaii, so we're glad that she's here.
妮可刚从夏威夷搬过来，我们很高兴她能来。
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So what we're saying here is the incident energy, so the energy coming in, is just equal to the minimum energy that's required to eject an electron.
这里我们来讨论一下，入射能量正好等于,发射出一个电子所需要的最低能量的情况。
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It's not a particularly interesting game, but while we're here, why don't we just discuss it for a second.
这不是一次特别有趣的博弈,既然说到这里了,不妨多讨论一点
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So here we're talking about how food comes to the table. what happens just materializing it into fish sticks. We didn't just go out to the river and poured out the fish sticks.
因此在这我们将探讨食物的制作过程,什么让鱼变成冻鱼条,并不是可以去河里,把冻鱼条直接倒出来。
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We're ready for the first law. We're just going to go to through these laws pretty quickly here.
现在我们来讨论热力学第一定律,我们只会做简要的讨论。
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Well just to see what we know what we're doing, let's look at this code here.
我们下一步该去怎么做呢？,好，让我们来看看。
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Let's some--let's go ahead We're going to move this along just a little bit here.
我们继续,我们继续往后听
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All we're going to do here is really just, once again, scratch the surface.
我们在这里只是，肤浅地解析一下。
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Here I just show tissues at two levels of magnification and when we think about tissues we're going to be interested in a couple of different characteristics.
这里我就给你们展示一下,从两个不同水平看到的组织,当我们研究这些组织时,我们将会对它一大堆不同的特点产生兴趣
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And just keep in mind we're getting sort of even responses here.
大家注意了，两种观点的人数差不多。
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What I'd rather have is your interpretation of things like I thought this thing was really interesting and here's why, or I remember back in week two of the class we talked about this issue and it links up with what we're now talking about in week eight, or I just saw something on the news and here's how it relates, and all those sort of things are the way the concept sheets go.
我想看到的是你们自己对于问题的理解,比如我认为这个问题很有趣,原因如下,或是,我想起之前在第二周谈到的问题,和现在第八周正在讨论的内容有联系,或是,我看到条新闻和课程有所联系,这些东西都能写到观点报告里
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And so if we wanted to do this here, it's again, the same thing we're just now pulling back this layer and calling them char *s not actually strings.
如果我们想要在这里这样做，再次，我们撤销这一层,把它们叫做char，*s，实际上不是字符串。
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Well, we're talking about a pretty high number here, so to make counting easier, we'll just say 10 lone pairs, because 20 lone pair electrons is the same thing as 10 lone pairs.
好吧，我们这里讨论的是一个挺大的数，为了数起来更容易，我们就说有十对孤对电子，因为二十个跟十对是一个意思。
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Again, easy pass here just means no mountains, we're not talking about something on the New Jersey Turnpike.
强调一下 平坦之途不用翻山越岭,我们说的不是新泽西收费公路
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So, that's the difference in thinking about different types of ionization energy, so it can get a little bit confusing with terminology if you're just looking at something quickly, so make sure you look really carefully about what we're discussing here.
所以，这就是我们,在思考不同类型的电离能时所看到的不同，因此如果你看得不够仔细的话,你可能会被其中的术语弄迷糊了，所以一定要看仔细,我们讨论的是什么。
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Just to illustrate the kind of issues that we're up against here, let me just consider a few different chemical reactions, all of which happen spontaneously.
为了说明我们的观点,考虑一些，不同的化学反应，这些化学反应都是自发进行的。
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Okay. So that's a duple meter piece and what we're trying to do here is just hear if we've got one strong and one weak beat or one strong and two weak beats.
好的,刚才是一段二拍子的作品,我们在这里做的,就是去听,是不是有一强一弱,或者一强两弱的拍子
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Again, don't worry too much about the equation, we're not really going to do any math here, I'm just putting it in for completeness.
对这个方程也不需要太深究,在这里我们不强调数学运算的,我把它写出来是为了表述完整
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While we're here, let's just mention that things will get more complicated in a world where I don't actually know the payoffs of my opponent.
现实中我并不知道,我对手的收益到底是什么样的,这会使事情变得更加复杂
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Meanwhile, let's just finish up what we're doing here and put in payoffs.
我们先把收益写出来吧
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And when we talk about size, I'm again just going to say the stipulation we're not talking about an absolute classical concept here, but in general we're going to picture it being much further away from the nucleus as we move up in terms of n.
当我们说到尺寸时，我们只是说――,经典的绝对的概念，而是它大约,离原子核有多远。
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All right. Let's listen a little bit more to the Musorgsky and then we're going to go on, just a bit more to the next excerpt, and here's my question for you.
好,咱们来继续听听穆索尔斯基,然后我们继续下去,到下一个选段,这里就有个问题了
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So, we were talking, however, about energy in terms of electron affinity, so we can actually relate electron affinity to any reaction by saying if we have this reaction written as here where we're gaining an electron, we say that electron affinity is just equal to the negative of that change in energy.
但是，我们现在讨论的能量,是电子亲和能，因，此我们可以将电子亲和能,与任何反应联系起来,只要我们将反应写成这种得到电子的形式，我们说电子亲和能就等于,反应前后能量变化的负值。
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Soon when we're talking about multi-electron atoms, and I just want to introduce it here, that it is sort of opposing ideas that even though the s is the biggest and it's most likely that the electron's going to be furthest away from the nucleus, that's also the orbital in which the electron can, in fact, penetrate closest.
当我们说多电子原子时，我这里要先介绍一下，这些概念有些相反,虽然ｓ轨道最大,所以电子最可能远离原子核，但它上面的最容易，穿透到离原子核最近。
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So it's along the bond axis and it's between a carbon s p 2 hybrid, and then the hydrogen is just a 1 s orbital that we're combining here.
所以它是沿着键轴方向的,而且这里是一个碳sp2杂化轨道，和一个氢的1s轨道的结合,在这里我们可以合并他们。
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And by state we just mean orbital, so if we're looking at the p orbitals here, x that means that a single electron goes in x, and then it will go in the z orbital before a second one goes in the x orbital.
我们说的态仅仅意味着轨道，所以如果我们观察这里的p轨道，那意味着单个电子进入，然后它会进入z轨道,在它第二个进入x之前。
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And now we're just going to substitute du in here.
现在我们把上面的du的表达式代入。
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So, we're going to listen to just a couple of seconds here of a blues tune sung by Nora Jones.
那么,我们来听上几秒钟,诺拉·琼斯的唱的布鲁斯曲调
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