All of that means we need to explain why these folks do what they end up doing, and we have some hints, but of course we do not know with any certainty or any confidence.

综上所述,我们来想想为什么这些人,要背井离乡呢,我们有一些线索,但是我们并没有有力的证据

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选

Is there some feature that the physicalist can't explain and so we need to appeal to something extra-physical to explain it?

是否存在物理主义者不能解释的这种特性,使得我们不得不诉诸于,某些超物理的东西来解释

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

We need to add something else in order to explain what is going on in the Periodic Table.

我们需要引其他一些东西进来才能解释清楚,元素周期表中发生的这种现象。

麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选

The one we started with-- you need the soul to explain the animation of the body-- that argument, I think, doesn't work.

我们一开始提到的那个观点,你需要灵魂来解释肉体的生命力,我想那个论点并不成立

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

Even though they're ordinary and familiar, it still could turn out that we need to appeal to souls in order to explain them.

虽然我们对其早已司空见惯,但还是需要,诉诸灵魂来解释它们

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

So let's ask ourselves, "Are there things that we need to appeal to the soul in order to explain these things about us?"

所以让我们扪心自问,有没有这样的现象,需要我们诉诸于灵魂,才能对其作出合理的解释

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

Again, our question was, "Do we need to appeal to souls to explain something about us?"

我们的问题是,我们是否需要诉诸灵魂来解释我们自己

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

So maybe that's why we need to believe in souls in order to explain free will.

或许我们需要相信灵魂的理由就是,为了便于解释自由意志

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

So to explain all this we need now a sort of crash course in Plato's metaphysics.

要解释这些,我们现在得恶补一点柏拉图的形而上学

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

Maybe we need to appeal to the soul in order to explain what animates the body.

也许我们需要诉诸灵魂,来解释,什么赋予肉体以生命

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

Maybe we need to posit the soul in order to explain ESP; maybe we need to posit the soul in order to explain near-death experiences.

或许我们需要假设灵魂存在以探讨第六感,或许我们需要假设灵魂存在,来解释濒死体验

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

So if the argument's going to be, "We need to posit the existence of a soul in order to explain creativity," Again, that just seems wrong.

所以如果这个论证要说,我们必须假定灵魂的存在,才能解释创造力,再一次,这看起来是错误的

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

Suppose somebody says, "Look, it's true that we don't need to appeal to souls in order to explain why bodies move around in a nonrandom fashion.

假如有人说,听着,我承认我们不需要诉诸,灵魂来解释,为何肉体能以非随机的形式移动

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

Suppose we say, "You need to appeal to the soul in order to explain not just that the body moves around, flails, but the body acts purposefully."

比如说,你需要诉诸灵魂以解释,肉体不仅能够活动,无意识地手舞足蹈,还能有目的性地运动

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

Are there things that need to be explained that we could explain if we posited the existence of a soul, an immaterial object, above and beyond the body?

有没有这样的事物,只有假定灵魂,这种凌驾于肉体之上的,非物质实体存在,才能对其进行解释

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

Maybe we need to posit the soul in order to explain ghosts.

或许我们需要假设灵魂存在以解释鬼魂

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

One group of arguments for the existence of a soul says, "We need to posit a soul in order to explain something, whether it's something everyday or something supernatural."

主张灵魂存在的一方声称,我们必须假设灵魂存在,才能解释一些,司空见惯或是超自然的现象

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

If that's right, if that's the right thing to say, then what we have to say is, "We don't need to appeal to souls in order to explain emotions and feelings.

如果这是正确的,如果这种说法正确,那么,我们不得不说,我们不需要诉诸灵魂来,解释情感和感觉

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

The physicalist says we don't need to appeal to anything as extravagant as a soul in order to explain the fact that bodies don't just move randomly, but they move in purposeful ways that are controlled.

物理主义认为,我们并不需要诉诸任何,像灵魂那样夸张的东西来解释,为什么肉体不会随机乱动,而是在控制下进行的有目的的活动

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

And if the best that the soul theorist has is, "Maybe we need this to explain something that I don't see how you guys can explain, maybe this would help, though I can't quite see how either," that's not a very compelling argument.

如果灵魂主义者最为充分的理由是,或许我们需要灵魂来解释些,我认为你们不能解释的东西,或许这样能有些帮助,尽管我也不清楚怎样用灵魂解释,这就不是一个很有说服力的论证

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

And what the physicalist would need to do for each one of those-- For each one of those you can imagine a dualist who says, "We need to believe in a soul so as to explain seances.

对于这些东西,物理主义者该怎么做,对于这些,你可以想到二元论者会说,我们需要相信有灵魂才能解释通灵

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

I've gone through a series of such arguments, and the one that we ended with last time was the suggestion that we need to believe in the existence of a soul in order to explain the fact that we've got free will.

我已经讲过一系列这样的论证,上次课结束时我提到的一个论证认为,我们只有相信灵魂存在,才能解释我们拥有自由意志这一事实

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

So unlike those modern dualists who think we need to appeal to something immaterial in order to explain bodily sensations, Socrates thinks no, no, the body takes care of all the bodily sensations, all the desirings and the wantings and the emotions and the feelings and the cravings.

而现代的二元论者,认为需要用非物质的东西,来解释肉体上的感觉,但苏格拉底不这么想,他认为肉体负责所有的肉体上的感觉,所有的欲望,需求,感情,感觉和渴望

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选